Bremen-Verden

Duchies of Bremen and Verden Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden (German) Hertigdömet Bremen och Hertigdömet Verden (Swedish)
1648–1807 1813–1823 1807-1810 French military administration 1810 annexed by Westphalia and 1811-1813 annexed by France
Coat of arms
Former Bremen-Verden as of 1730 (in light pink) pasted over today's state borders (grey) and former region borders (white, as of 1977) with broken lines, indicating their changes between 1731 and 1977. At the northern tip the Land of Hadeln and Cuxhaven are excluded.[1]
Status	States of the Holy Roman Empire, enfeoffed to 1) the Swedish Crown in 1648 2) the Hanoverian Crown in 1733
Capital	Stade
Common languages	Low Saxon, German
Religion	mostly Lutherans, some Calvinists, very few Jews and Catholics
Government	Absolute monarchies in personal union
Monarch
• 1648–1654	Christina
• 1654–1660	Charles X Gustav
• 1660–1697 •1697–1712	Charles XI Charles XII
• 1715–1727	George I Louis
• 1727–1760	George II Augustus
• 1760–1820	George III
• 1820–1823	George IV
Governor-general
• 1646–1663	H. C. Königsmarck
• 1668–1693, de facto interrupted 1676–9	Henrik Horn
Legislature	Landschaft (also Stiftstände), convening at Landtage or Tohopesaten (diets)
Historical era	Absolutism (European history)
• Prince-bishoprics of  Bremen a. Verden  secularised by the  Westphalian Peace	15 May 1648
• 1st Bremian War • Danish invasion • 2nd Bremian War • occupation in Scanian War	1653–1654 1657–1658 1666 1675– 1679
• Danish occupation  (Gr. Northern War) • purchase by Hano-ver from Danes and Swedes  (Stockholm Treaty) • Hadeln assigned • French invasion  (7 Years' War)	1712– 1715 1715 and 1719 1731 1757
• occupied by Branden-burg-Prussia (2nd Coalition ag. France) • French occupation  (Conv. of Artlenburg) • Prussian occupation • French occupation (4th Coalition ag. France) • annexed by Westphalia • annexed by France	1801 1803– 1805 1805–1806 1807– 1810 1810 1811–1813
• Restitution (Battle  of the Nations)	1813
• Real union with  Royal Hanover as  High-Bailiwick of Stade	1823
Currency	Rixdollar
Preceded by Succeeded by Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen Prince-Bishopric of Verden Verden (Aller) Land Hadeln Kingdom of Hanover Prince-Bishopric of Münster

Bremen-Verden, formally the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (German pronunciation: [ˈfɛɐ̯dən]; German: Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden), were two territories and immediate fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, which emerged and gained imperial immediacy in 1180. By their original constitution they were prince-bishoprics of the Archdiocese of Bremen and Bishopric of Verden.

In 1648, both prince-bishoprics were secularised, meaning that they were transformed into hereditary monarchies by constitution, and from then on both the Duchy of Bremen and the Duchy of Verden were always ruled in personal union, initially by the royal houses of Sweden, the House of Vasa and the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, and later by the House of Hanover.

With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Bremen-Verden's status as fiefs of imperial immediacy became void; as they had been in personal union with the neighbouring Kingdom of Hanover, they were incorporated into that state.