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Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Nitromethane
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Preferred IUPAC name
Nitromethane[1] | |||
Other names
Nitrocarbol
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Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.797 | ||
KEGG | |||
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |||
CH3NO2 | |||
Molar mass | 61.04 g/mol | ||
Appearance | colorless, oily liquid[2] | ||
Odor | Light, fruity[2] | ||
Density | 1.1371 g/cm3 (20 °C)[3] | ||
Melting point | −28.7 °C (−19.7 °F; 244.5 K)[3] | ||
Boiling point | 101.2 °C (214.2 °F; 374.3 K)[3] | ||
Critical point (T, P) | 588 K, 6.0 MPa[4] | ||
ca. 10 g/100 mL | |||
Solubility | miscible in diethyl ether, acetone, ethanol, methanol[3] | ||
Vapor pressure | 28 mmHg (20 °C)[2] | ||
Acidity (pKa) | |||
-21.0·10−6 cm3/mol[7] | |||
Thermal conductivity | 0.204 W/(m·K) at 25 °C[8] | ||
Refractive index (nD)
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1.3817 (20 °C)[3] | ||
Viscosity | 0.63 cP at 25 °C[8] | ||
3.46[9] | |||
Explosive data | |||
Shock sensitivity | Low | ||
Friction sensitivity | Low | ||
Detonation velocity | 6400 m/s | ||
Thermochemistry[10] | |||
Heat capacity (C)
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106.6 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
171.8 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
-112.6 kJ/mol | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)
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-14.4 kJ/mol | ||
Hazards | |||
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards
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Flammable, health hazard | ||
GHS labelling: | |||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | |||
Danger | |||
H203, H226, H301, H331, H351 | |||
P210, P261, P280, P304+P340, P312, P370+P378, P403+P233 | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | 35[9] °C (95 °F; 308 K) | ||
418[9] °C (784 °F; 691 K) | |||
Explosive limits | 7–22%[9] | ||
Threshold limit value (TLV)
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20 ppm[9] | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
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940 mg/kg (oral, rat) 950 mg/kg (oral, mouse)[11] | ||
LDLo (lowest published)
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750 mg/kg (rabbit, oral) 125 mg/kg (dog, oral)[11] | ||
LCLo (lowest published)
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7087 ppm (mouse, 2 h) 1000 ppm (monkey) 2500 ppm (rabbit, 12 h) 5000 ppm (rabbit, 6 h)[11] | ||
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 100 ppm (250 mg/m3)[2] | ||
REL (Recommended)
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none[2] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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750 ppm[2] | ||
Related compounds | |||
Related nitro compounds
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nitroethane | ||
Related compounds
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methyl nitrite methyl nitrate | ||
Supplementary data page | |||
Nitromethane (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Nitromethane, sometimes shortened to simply "nitro", is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH
3NO
2. It is the simplest organic nitro compound. It is a polar liquid commonly used as a solvent in a variety of industrial applications such as in extractions, as a reaction medium, and as a cleaning solvent. As an intermediate in organic synthesis, it is used widely in the manufacture of pesticides, explosives, fibers, and coatings.[12] Nitromethane is used as a fuel additive in various motorsports and hobbies, e.g. Top Fuel drag racing and miniature internal combustion engines in radio control, control line and free flight model aircraft.
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Markofsky
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).