Taiwan | |||||||||||
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1895–1945 | |||||||||||
Anthem:
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National seal: 台灣總督之印 Seal of the Governor-General of Taiwan ![]() National badge: 臺字章 Daijishō ![]() | |||||||||||
![]() Taiwan within the Empire of Japan | |||||||||||
Status | Part of the Empire of Japan (colony)[1] | ||||||||||
Capital and largest city | ![]() | ||||||||||
Official languages | Japanese | ||||||||||
Common languages | Taiwanese Hakka Formosan languages | ||||||||||
Religion | State Shinto Buddhism Taoism Confucianism Chinese folk religion | ||||||||||
Demonym(s) |
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Government | Government-General | ||||||||||
Emperor | |||||||||||
• 1895–1912 | Meiji | ||||||||||
• 1912–1926 | Taishō | ||||||||||
• 1926–1945 | Shōwa | ||||||||||
Governor-General | |||||||||||
• 1895–1896 (first) | Kabayama Sukenori | ||||||||||
• 1944–1945 (last) | Rikichi Andō | ||||||||||
Historical era | Empire of Japan | ||||||||||
17 April 1895 | |||||||||||
21 October 1895 | |||||||||||
27 October 1930 | |||||||||||
2 September 1945 | |||||||||||
25 October 1945 | |||||||||||
28 April 1952 | |||||||||||
5 August 1952 | |||||||||||
Currency | Taiwanese yen | ||||||||||
ISO 3166 code | TW | ||||||||||
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Today part of | Republic of China (Taiwan) |
History of Taiwan | ||||||||||||||||
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Chronological | ||||||||||||||||
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The island of Taiwan, together with the Penghu Islands, became an annexed territory of Japan in 1895, when the Qing dynasty ceded Fujian-Taiwan Province in the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the Japanese victory in the First Sino-Japanese War. The consequent Republic of Formosa resistance movement on Taiwan was defeated by Japan with the capitulation of Tainan. Japan ruled Taiwan for 50 years. Its capital was located in Taihoku (Taipei) led by the Governor-General of Taiwan.
Taiwan was Japan's first colony and can be viewed as the first step in implementing their "Southern Expansion Doctrine" of the late 19th century. Japanese intentions were to turn Taiwan into a showpiece "model colony" with much effort made to improve the island's economy, public works, industry, cultural Japanization, and support the necessities of Japanese military aggression in the Asia-Pacific.[2] Japan established monopolies and by 1945, had taken over all the sales of opium, salt, camphor, tobacco, alcohol, matches, weights and measures, and petroleum in the island.[3]
Japanese administrative rule of Taiwan ended following the surrender of Japan in September 1945 during the World War II period, and the territory was placed under the control of the Republic of China (ROC) with the issuing of General Order No. 1 by US General Douglas MacArthur.[4] Japan formally renounced its sovereignty over Taiwan in the Treaty of San Francisco effective April 28, 1952. The experience of Japanese rule continues to cause divergent views among several issues in Post-WWII Taiwan, such as the February 28 massacre of 1947, Taiwan Retrocession Day, and Taiwanese comfort women. It also made significant impact in construction of distinct Taiwanese national identity, ethnic identity, and prelude to the emergence of Taiwan independence movement.
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