| Vectorcardiography | |
|---|---|
 Normal vectorcardiogram | |
| ICD-9-CM | 89.53 |
| MeSH | D014672 |
Vectorcardiography (VCG) is a method of recording the magnitude and direction of the electrical forces that are generated by the heart by means of a continuous series of vectors that form curving lines around a central point.[1]
Vectorcardiography was developed by E. Frank in the mid 1950s.[2][3] Since the human body is a three-dimensional structure, the basic idea is to construct three orthogonal leads containing all the electric information. The three leads are represented by right-left axis (X), head-to-feet axis (Y) and front-back (anteroposterior) axis (Z).
To calculate Frank's leads X, Y and Z using the standard leads system, the following expressions[4] are used:
X = -(-0.172 V1 - 0.074 V2 + 0.122 V3 + 0.231 V4 + 0.239 V5 + 0.194 V6 + 0.156 DI - 0.010 DII) (1)
Y = (0.057 V1 - 0.019 V2 - 0.106 V3 - 0.022 V4 + 0.041 V5 + 0.048 V6 - 0.227 DI + 0.887 DII) (2)
Z = -(-0.229 V1 - 0.310 V2 - 0.246 V3 - 0.063 V4 + 0.055 V5 + 0.108 V6 + 0.022 DI + 0.102 DII) (3)
There are different criteria how at to evaluate a vectorcardiogram created by various researchers. Grygoriy Risman presents these different methods, which were developed over half a century and offers an advanced approach called spatial vectorcardiometry (SVCM).[5] The original Russian thesis is filed in the Odessa Medical Academy.[6] Recently, Bipolar Precordial Leads exploring the right to left axis combined with averaged unipolar precordial leads allowed to produce sectorial VCG loops in the horizontal plane.[7]
- ^ "Medical Definition of Vectorcardiography". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
- ^ Burch, G.E. (1985). "The history of vectorcardiography". Medical History Supplement. 5 (5): 103–131. doi:10.1017/S002572730007054X. PMC 2557408. PMID 3915520.
- ^ Frank, E (1956). "An Accurate, Clinically Practical System For Spatial Vectorcardiography". Circulation. 13 (5): 737–749. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.13.5.737. PMID 13356432.
- ^ G Daniel; G Lissa; D Medina Redondo; et al. (2007). "Real-time 3D vectorcardiography: An application for didactic use". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 90 (1): 012013. Bibcode:2007JPhCS..90a2013D. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/90/1/012013.
- ^ "Vektorkardiometrie - Eine Methode der Vektorkardiographie". www.vectorcardiometry.tk (in German). Retrieved June 8, 2017.
- ^ "Распределение пространственных моментных викторов пробега волны возбуждения процесса дополяризации миокарда желудочков у здоровых спортсменов, больных с легочным сердцем и почечной гипертонией Каталог Бібліотека ОНМедУ". info.odmu.edu.ua (in Russian). Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
- ^ Mc Loughlin, MJ (2020). "Precordial bipolar leads: A new method to study anterior acute myocardial infarction". J Electrocardiol. 59 (2): 45–64. doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2019.12.017. PMID 31986362. S2CID 210935474.