Die tabelle hieronder wys hoe die Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet (IFA) gebruik word om Spaanse uitspraak in Wikipedia-artikels te verteenwoordig.
Konsonante
|
IFA |
Voorbeelde |
English approximation
|
b[1]
|
bestia; embuste; vaca; envidia; fútbol
|
best
|
β
|
bebé; obtuso; vivir; curva
|
between baby and bevy
|
d[1]
|
dedo; cuando; aldaba
|
dead, but putting the tip of the tongue against the upper teeth
|
ð
|
dádiva; arder; admirar
|
this
|
f
|
fase; café
|
face
|
ɡ[1]
|
gato; lengua; guerra
|
got
|
ɣ
|
trigo; amargo; sigue; signo
|
go, but without completely blocking air flow on the g
|
ʝ[1][2]
|
ayuno; poyo
|
you
|
ɟʝ[1][2]
|
cónyuge; abyecto
|
job
|
k
|
caña; laca; quise; kilo
|
scan
|
l
|
lino; alhaja; principal
|
lean
|
ʎ[1][2]
|
llave; pollo
|
million
|
m[3]
|
madre; comer; campo; anfibio
|
mother
|
n[3]
|
nido; anillo; anhelo; sin; álbum
|
need
|
ɲ[3]
|
ñandú; cañón; enyesar
|
canyon
|
ŋ[3]
|
cinco; venga; conquista
|
sing
|
p
|
pozo; topo
|
spouse
|
r[4]
|
rumbo; carro; honra; amor; paterno
|
trilled r
|
ɾ[4]
|
caro; bravo; amor eterno
|
batter (American English)
|
s[5]
|
saco; espita; xenón
|
sack
|
θ[5]
|
cereal; encima; zorro; enzima; paz
|
thing
|
t
|
tamiz; átomo
|
stand, but putting the tip of the tongue against the upper teeth
|
tʃ
|
chubasco; acechar
|
choose
|
v[6]
|
afgano
|
van
|
x
|
jamón; general; México;[7] hamster[8]
|
Scottish loch
|
z[6]
|
isla; mismo; deshuesar
|
quiz
|
Marginal phonemes
|
IPA
|
Examples |
English approximation
|
ʃ[9]
|
show; Rocher; Freixenet
|
shack
|
ts
|
abertzale; Pátzcuaro
|
cats
|
|
Vowels
|
IPA
|
Examples |
English approximation
|
a
|
azahar
|
Cot (American English)
|
e
|
vehemente
|
set
|
i
|
dimitir; mío; y
|
see
|
o
|
boscoso
|
more
|
u
|
cucurucho; dúo
|
food
|
|
Semivowels[10]
|
IPA |
Examples |
English approximation
|
j
|
aliada; cielo; amplio; ciudad
|
yet
|
w[11]
|
cuadro; fuego; Huila; arduo; pingüino
|
wine
|
|
Stress and syllabification
|
IPA
|
Examples |
English approximation
|
ˈ
|
ciudad [θjuˈðað]
|
domain
|
.
|
mío [ˈmi.o]
|
Mayan
|
|
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 /b, d, ɡ, ʝ/ are pronounced as the fricatives or approximants [β̞, ð̞, ɣ˕, ʝ˕] (represented here without the undertacks) in all places except after a pausa, after an /n/ or /m/ or, in the case of /d/ and /ʝ/, after an /l/. Then, they are stops [b, d, ɡ, ɟʝ] like English b, d, g, j, but they are fully voiced in all positions, unlike their English counterparts. When it is distinct from /ʝ/, /ʎ/ is realized as an approximant [ʎ] in all positions Sjabloon:Harvcol.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Most speakers no longer distinguish /ʎ/ from Sjabloon:IPAslink; the actual realization depends on dialect, however. See yeísmo and Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258) for more information.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 The nasal consonants /n, m, ɲ/ contrast only before vowels. Before consonants, they assimilate to the consonant's place of articulation, which is partially reflected in the orthography. The three do not contrast at the end of a word; depending on dialect, the neutralized nasal may appear as [n], [ŋ], or nasalization of the preceding vowel.
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 The rhotic consonants /ɾ/ and /r/ contrast only between vowels. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution, with Sjabloon:IPAblink occurring word-initially, after /l/, /n/, and /s/, and also represented here as before consonants, and word-finally (positions in which they vary); only Sjabloon:IPAblink is found elsewhere.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Northern and Central Spain still distinguish between Sjabloon:Angbr (Sjabloon:IPAslink) and soft Sjabloon:Angbr or Sjabloon:Angbr (Sjabloon:IPAslink). Almost all other dialects treat the two as identical (which is called seseo) and pronounce them as Sjabloon:IPAslink. There is a small number of speakers, mostly in southern Spain, who pronounce the soft Sjabloon:Angbr, Sjabloon:Angbr and even Sjabloon:Angbr as Sjabloon:IPAslink, a phenomenon called ceceo. See phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives and Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258) for more information.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 [v] and [z] are allophones of, respectively, /f/ and /s/ before voiced consonants.
- ↑ The letter Sjabloon:Angbr represents /x/ only in certain proper names like Ximena and some placenames in current or former Mexico (Oaxaca, Texas).
- ↑ The letter Sjabloon:Angbr represents /x/ only in loanwords; in native words, it is always silent.
- ↑ /ʃ/ is used only in loanwords and certain proper nouns. It is nonexistent in many dialects, being realized as Sjabloon:IPAblink or Sjabloon:IPAblink; e.g. show [tʃou]~[sou].
- ↑ The semivowels Sjabloon:IPAblink and Sjabloon:IPAblink can be combined with vowels to form rising diphthongs (e.g. cielo, cuadro). Falling diphthongs (e.g. aire, rey, auto) are transcribed with Sjabloon:IPAslink and Sjabloon:IPAslink.
- ↑ Some speakers may pronounce word-initial [w] with an epenthetic [ɡ]; e.g. Huila [ˈɡwila]~[ˈwila].