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Hamas

Hamas
Enghraifft o'r canlynolsefydliad gwleidyddol, mudiad Islamaidd, sefydliad milwrol, sefydliad crefyddol, resistance movement Edit this on Wikidata
IdiolegCenedlaetholdeb Palesteinaidd, Islamiaeth, Jihadiaeth, Islam a chenedlaetholdeb, gwrth-Seioniaeth, gwrth-imperialaeth, gwrth-Americaniaeth, gwrth-Semitiaeth Edit this on Wikidata
Label brodorolحركة المقاومة الإسلامية Edit this on Wikidata
CrefyddSwnni edit this on wikidata
GwladGwladwriaeth Palesteina Edit this on Wikidata
Dechrau/Sefydlu10 Rhagfyr 1987 Edit this on Wikidata
SylfaenyddAhmed Yassin, Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, Mahmoud al-Zahar Edit this on Wikidata
Aelod o'r  canlynolY Frawdoliaeth Fwslimaidd Edit this on Wikidata
PencadlysDinas Gaza Edit this on Wikidata
Enw brodorolحركة المقاومة الإسلامية Edit this on Wikidata
GwladwriaethLlain Gaza Edit this on Wikidata
Gwefanhttp://hamasinfo.info, https://hamasinfo.info/ Edit this on Wikidata
Tudalen Comin Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Gomin Wicimedia

Mudiad Palesteiniaid Islamaidd Sunni yw Hamas (yn llythrennol: "Brwdfrydedd"). Mae'r enw'n tarddu o'r blaen-lythrennau حركة المقاومة الاسلامية, sef Ḥarakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya "Y Mudiad Gwrthsafiad Islamaidd"). Maent wedi bod yn llywodraethu Llain Gaza, a feddiannwyd gan Israel, ers 2007.[1]. Fe'u hetholwyd yn Ionawr 2006. Mae Awstralia, Israel, yr Unol Daleithiau[2] Canada,[3] yr Undeb Ewropeaidd,[4] y DU, Seland Newydd a Japan yn disgrifio Hamas fel mudiad terfysgol,[5] ond nid yw Rwsia, Twrci,[6][7] Tsieina,[8][9][10][11] y gwledydd Arabaidd, Iran ymysg eraill yn gwneud hynny.[12]

Rali gan Hamas ym Methlehem, 2006

Sefydlwyd Hamas yn 1987 gan Ahmed Yassin a Mohammad Taha ar gychwyn yr Intifada Cyntaf ar y Lan Orllewinol fel cangen o'r Frawdoliaeth Fwslimaidd, mudiad o'r Aifft.[13][14]. Mae Hamas yn tarddu o'r anfodlonrwydd ag arweinyddiaeth y PLO yn y cyfnod hwnnw. Tyfodd o'r mudiad Mujama, plaid wleidyddol a gefnogwyd gan Israel ar y dechrau fel gwrthbwys i'r PLO. Daeth Hamas i rym mewn etholiad democrataidd yn Ionawr 2006 gan ennill mwyafrif y gynrychiolaeth ar Awdurdod Cenedlaethol Palesteina a threchu'r PLO a Fatah.[15][16]

Yn ôl y Minnesota Daily, yn 2006 roedd 'Hamas yn adnabyddus ymhlith Palestiniaid am eu hysbytai, eu systemau addysg, eu llyfrgelloedd a'u gwasanaethau cymdeithasol.'[17].[18]

Er mwyn dileu grym Hamas y lansiwyd Ymosodiad Israel ar Lain Gaza 2008–2009 ar 27 Rhagfyr 2008 ac yna ymosodiad arall gan Israel ar Lain Gaza yn 2014.

Mae siarter Hamas[19] yn galw am ddatgymalu Gwladwriaeth Israel, gan sefydlu gwladwriaeth Islamaidd newydd ar y Tiriogaethau Palesteinaidd[20].

Mae gan y mudiad ei sianel deledu ei hun, Al-Aqsa TV, sy'n darlledu o ddinas Gaza.

  1. ↑ "Hamas sweeps to election victory", BBC News.
  2. ↑ "Country reports on terrorism 2005", United States Department of State. Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. US Dept. of State Publication 11324. Ebrill 2006. tud 196
  3. ↑ "Currently listed entities". Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness. November 22, 2012. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2009-02-09.
  4. ↑ "EU blacklists Hamas political wing". BBC News. Medi 11, 2003.
  5. ↑ If HAMAS is a Terrorist Organization, What Does That Make Israel? Archifwyd 2013-06-01 yn y Peiriant Wayback Intifada: The Voice of Palestine. 11 Gorffennaf 2010
  6. ↑ Nodyn:Wayback BBC News. 4 Mehefin 2010
  7. ↑ Gaza flotilla: Turkey threat to Israel ties over raid BBC News, 4 Mehefin 2010
  8. ↑ "Bank of China may have helped Hamas kill Jews". Free Zionism. Cyrchwyd 30 March 2014.
  9. ↑ Abha Shankar (19 Hydref 2013). "Bank of China Terror Financing Case Moves Forward". Investigative Project on Terrorism. Cyrchwyd 30 Mawrth 2014.
  10. ↑ Joshua Davidovich (18 Rhagfyr 2013). "The China bank is not the issue here, dude". The Times of Israel. Cyrchwyd 30 Mawrth 2014.
  11. ↑ China's Palestine Policy
  12. ↑ How to Confront Russia's Anti-American Foreign Policy The Heritage Foundation. 27 Mehefin 2007
  13. ↑ Higgins, Andrew (January 24, 2009). "How Israel Helped to Spawn Hamas". The Wall Street Journal. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar September 26, 2009. Cyrchwyd January 25, 2023. When Israel first encountered Islamists in Gaza in the 1970s and '80s, they seemed focused on studying the Quran, not on confrontation with Israel. The Israeli government officially recognized a precursor to Hamas called Mujama Al-Islamiya, registering the group as a charity. It allowed Mujama members to set up an Islamic university and build mosques, clubs and schools. Crucially, Israel often stood aside when the Islamists and their secular left-wing Palestinian rivals battled, sometimes violently, for influence in both Gaza and the West Bank. 'When I look back at the chain of events I think we made a mistake,' says David Hacham, who worked in Gaza in the late 1980s and early '90s as an Arab-affairs expert in the Israeli military. 'But at the time nobody thought about the possible results.' Israeli officials who served in Gaza disagree on how much their own actions may have contributed to the rise of Hamas. They blame the group's recent ascent on outsiders, primarily Iran. This view is shared by the Israeli government. 'Hamas in Gaza was built by Iran as a foundation for power, and is backed through funding, through training and through the provision of advanced weapons,' Mr. Olmert said last Saturday. Hamas has denied receiving military assistance from Iran.
  14. ↑  This article incorporates public domain material from the Congressional Research Service document "Hamas: The Organizations, Goals and Tactics of a Militant Palestinian Organization".
  15. ↑ "Hamas wins huge majority". Al Jazeera (yn Saesneg). Cyrchwyd 2024-08-05.
  16. ↑ McGreal, Chris (2006-01-27). "Hamas faces unexpected challenge: how to deal with power". The Guardian (yn Saesneg). ISSN 0261-3077. Cyrchwyd 2024-08-05.
  17. ↑ "Palestinian election raises varying opinions within U" Archifwyd 2008-06-09 yn y Peiriant Wayback. The Minnesota Daily, 31 Ionawr 2006
  18. ↑ [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-mar-02-fg-charity2-story.html latimes.com; Los Angeles Times; 'Hamas Victory Is Built on Social Work'; Dyfyniad: Hamas has been very good at compartmentalizing their activities -- where they have a soup kitchen, for example, they simply give soup, nothing more,” said Mouin Rabbani of the International Crisis Group, which studied Islamic social activism in the occupied territories... “The Palestinian Authority has to reach everyone, and in a situation of closures, unemployment reaching unprecedented figures, and in an environment in which you are constantly being undermined, these services are obligatory,” said Issam Younis, director of the Al Mezan Center for Human Rights in Gaza City. “Hamas has done its homework. Over the years, they have established very good social services, they have the maximum use of the mosque,” he said. “And it will be good to have Hamas in the government. Welcome! But think of the situation. Adalwyd 21 Awst 2024.
  19. ↑ Siarter Hamas
  20. ↑ "Israeli Official Says Hamas Has Made Abbas Irrelevant", The New York Times, 27 Chwefror 2006.
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