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30 by 30 (or 30x30) is a worldwide initiative for governments to designate 30% of Earth's land and ocean area as protected areas by 2030.[1][2] The target was proposed by a 2019 article in Science Advances, "A Global Deal for Nature: Guiding principles, milestones, and targets", highlighting the need for expanded nature conservation efforts to mitigate climate change.[3][4] Launched by the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People in 2020, more than 50 nations had agreed to the initiative by January 2021,[5] which has increased to more than 100 countries by October 2022.[6]
US$5 billion in funding for a project called the "Protecting Our Planet Challenge" was announced for the initiative in September 2021.[7]
In December 2022, 30 by 30 was agreed at the COP15 meeting of the Convention on Biological Diversity, and became a target of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.[8][9][10] This includes the G7[11] and European Union.
The initiative has attracted controversy over indigenous rights issues.[1][12]
- ^ a b Mukpo, Ashoka (26 August 2021). "As COP15 approaches, '30 by 30' becomes a conservation battleground". Mongabay Environmental News. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
- ^ "30 by 30: why humanity should protect 30 per cent of the ocean by 2030". New Scientist. 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
- ^ Dinerstein, E.; Vynne, C.; Sala, E.; Joshi, A. R.; Fernando, S.; Lovejoy, T. E.; Mayorga, J.; Olson, D.; Asner, G. P.; Baillie, J. E. M.; Burgess, N. D. (19 Apr 2019). "A Global Deal For Nature: Guiding principles, milestones, and targets". Science Advances. 5 (4): eaaw2869. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw2869. PMC 6474764. PMID 31016243.
- ^ Jones, Benji (2021-04-12). "The hottest number in conservation is rooted more in politics than science". Vox. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
- ^ Rowling, Megan. "Drive to protect 30% of planet by 2030 grows to 50 nations". Thomson Reuters Foundation. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
- ^ Subramaniam, Tara (2022-10-04). "Australia commits to zero extinctions with new plan to protect 30% of land". CNN. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
- ^ Rendon, Jim (September 28, 2021). "$5B conservation plan offers new approach, but faces hurdles". AP NEWS. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
- ^ "High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People". HAC for Nature and People. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
- ^ Briggs, Helen (2022-12-19). "COP15: Nations reach 'historic' deal to protect nature". BBC News. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
- ^ "COP15: Key outcomes agreed at the UN biodiversity conference in Montreal". Carbon Brief. 2022-12-20. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
- ^ "G7 commits to end support for coal-fired power stations this year". euronews. 22 May 2021. Retrieved 2021-10-29.
- ^ "Major U.N. Biodiversity Deal Recognizes Indigenous Rights But Lacks Critical Enforcement Measures". Democracy Now!. December 21, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
'In Canada, where I come from, I can speak to this directly, where we are committing to "30×30," millions and millions of dollars for biodiversity protection, Indigenous protection and conservation areas, yet we are not talking about ending the expansion of the Alberta tar sands. We are not talking about ending the destruction to biodiversity in other areas. We're creating the optics of sacrifice zones, so we can choose which areas to save, which areas to diminish. And this results in human rights abuses, Indigenous rights abuses and the risking the planetary health for everyone.' - Eriel Deranger, indigenous rights activist