APL (programming language)

APL
Paradigm	Array, functional, structured, modular
Designed by	Kenneth E. Iverson
Developer	Larry Breed, Dick Lathwell, Roger Moore, others
First appeared	November 27, 1966
Stable release	ISO/IEC 13751:2001 / February 1, 2001
Typing discipline	Dynamic
Platform	Cross-platform
License	Proprietary, open source
Website	aplwiki.com
Major implementations
	APL\360; APL\1130; APL*Plus; Sharp APL; APL2; Dyalog APL; NARS2000; APLX; GNU APL;
Influenced by
	Mathematical notation
Influenced
	A and A+; C++; FP; J; K; MATLAB; Nial; PPL; Python; q (kdb); S; Snap!; Speakeasy; Wolfram Language;

This article contains APL source code. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of APL symbols.

APL (named after the book A Programming Language)^[3] is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array. It uses a large range of special graphic symbols^[4] to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise code. It has been an important influence on the development of concept modeling, spreadsheets, functional programming,^[5] and computer math packages.^[6] It has also inspired several other programming languages.^[7]^[8]

^ Cite error: The named reference Birthdate was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "std::iota". cppreference.com.
^ Kenneth E. Iverson (1 December 1962). A Programming Language. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-43014-8. OL 26792153M. Wikidata Q105954505. Retrieved 2023-08-06.
^ McIntyre, Donald B. (1991). "Language as an Intellectual Tool: From Hieroglyphics to APL". IBM Systems Journal. 30 (4): 554–581. doi:10.1147/sj.304.0554. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
^ "ACM Award Citation – John Backus". Awards.acm.org. 1977. Archived from the original on February 12, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2010.
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