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![]() Chemical structure of abacavir | |
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Pronunciation | /əˈbækəvɪər/ |
Trade names | Ziagen |
Other names | Abacavir sulfate (USAN US) |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a699012 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 83% |
Metabolism | Liver |
Elimination half-life | 1.54 ± 0.63 h |
Excretion | Kidney (1.2% abacavir, 30% 5'-carboxylic acid metabolite, 36% 5'-glucuronide metabolite, 15% unidentified minor metabolites). Fecal (16%) |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.149.341 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C14H18N6O |
Molar mass | 286.339 g·mol−1 |
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Melting point | 165 °C (329 °F) |
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Abacavir, sold under the brand name Ziagen among others, is a medication used to treat HIV/AIDS.[3][4][5][6] Similar to other nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), abacavir is used together with other HIV medications, and is not recommended by itself.[7] It is taken by mouth as a tablet or solution and may be used in children over the age of three months.[5][8]
Abacavir is generally well tolerated.[8] Common side effects include vomiting, insomnia (trouble sleeping), fever, and feeling tired.[5] Other common side effects include loss of appetite, headache, nausea (feeling sick), diarrhea, rash, and lethargy (lack of energy).[4] More severe side effects include hypersensitivity, liver damage, and lactic acidosis.[5] Genetic testing can indicate whether a person is at higher risk of developing hypersensitivity.[5] Symptoms of hypersensitivity include rash, vomiting, and shortness of breath.[8] Abacavir is in the NRTI class of medications, which work by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed for HIV virus replication.[9] Within the NRTI class, abacavir is a carbocyclic nucleoside.[5]
Abacavir was patented in 1988, and approved for use in the United States in 1998.[10][11] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[12] It is available as a generic medication.[5] Abacavir is used together with other HIV medications, such as abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine, abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine, and abacavir/lamivudine.[8][9] The combination abacavir/lamivudine is an essential medicine.[12]
Ziagen FDA label
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).