Abu Bakar أبو بكر | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor | |||||||||
Sultan of Johor | |||||||||
Reign | 13 February 1886 – 4 June 1895 | ||||||||
Coronation | 29 July 1886 | ||||||||
Predecessor | Sultan Ali Iskandar Shah | ||||||||
Successor | Sultan Ibrahim | ||||||||
Chief Minister | Jaafar Muhammad | ||||||||
Maharaja of Johor | |||||||||
Reign | 30 June 1868 – 12 February 1886 | ||||||||
Predecessor | Daeng Ibrahim Maharaja of Johor (de facto) | ||||||||
Successor | (post abolished) Sultan of Johor | ||||||||
Temenggong of Johor | |||||||||
Reign | 2 February 1862 – 29 June 1868 | ||||||||
Predecessor | Daeng Ibrahim | ||||||||
Successor | (post abolished) Maharaja of Johor | ||||||||
Born | Istana Lama, Teluk Belanga, Singapore, Straits Settlements | 3 February 1833||||||||
Died | 4 June 1895 Bailey's Hotel, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom | (aged 62)||||||||
Burial | 7 September 1895[1] | ||||||||
Spouse |
| ||||||||
Issue |
| ||||||||
| |||||||||
House | Temenggong | ||||||||
Father | Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim | ||||||||
Mother | Cik' Ngah[citation needed] | ||||||||
Religion | Sunni Islam |
Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah ibni Almarhum Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim Al-Aydarus GCMG KCSI (Jawi: المرحوم سلطان سر أبو بكر الخليل إبراهيم شاه ابن المرحوم تمڠڬوڠ تون داءيڠ إبراهيم سري مهاراج جوهر; 3 February 1833 – 4 June 1895)[citation needed] was the Temenggong of Johor. He was the 1st sultan of modern Johor, the 21st Sultan of Johor and the first Maharaja of Johor from the House of Temenggong.[3][fn 2] He was also informally known as "The Father of Modern Johor", as many historians accredited Johor's development in the 19th century to Abu Bakar's leadership. He initiated policies and provided aids to ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs to stimulate the development of the state's agricultural economy which was founded by Chinese migrants from southern China in the 1840s.[4] He also took charge of the development of Johor's infrastructure, administrative system, military and civil service, all of which were modelled closely along Western lines.[5]
Abu Bakar was noted for his diplomatic skills, and both the British and Malay rulers had approached him for advice in making important decisions. He was also an avid traveller, and became the first Malay ruler to travel to Europe during his first visit to England in 1866. In particular, Abu Bakar became a lifetime friend of Queen Victoria in his later years. Abu Bakar's friendship with Queen Victoria played an important role in shaping Johor's relationships with Britain, and was the only state by the end of the 19th century in the Peninsular Malaya to maintain autonomy in its internal affairs as the British Colonial Government pushed for greater control over the Malay states by placing a British Resident in the states. He was also an Anglophile, and many of his personal habits and decisions were aligned to European ideas and tastes.
Abu Bakar became the sovereign ruler of Johor when his father, Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim died in 1862. Six years later, Abu Bakar changed his legal state title of "Temenggong" to "Maharaja". In 1885, Abu Bakar sought legal recognition from Britain for another change in his legal state title of "Maharaja" to a regal title of "Sultan", and was proclaimed the following year. In all, Abu Bakar's reign lasted for 32 years until his death in 1895.[6]
Winstedt137
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).Andaya152
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: There are <ref group=fn>
tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=fn}}
template (see the help page).