1415–1577 Muslim sultanate in the Horn of Africa
Sultanate of Adal
The combined three banners used by Ahmad al-Ghazi's forces
The Adal Sultanate in
c. 1540 Capital
Official languages Arabic Common languages
Religion
Government Kingdom Sultan • 1415–1423 (first)
Sabr ad-Din III • 1577 (last)
Muhammad Gasa
Historical era Middle Ages • Established
1415 1415 1415–1429 • Succession Crisis
1518–1526 1529–1543 • Disestablished
1577
Currency Ashrafi [ 1]
Today part of
The Adal Sultanate also known as the Adal Empire , or Bar Saʿad dīn (alt. spelling Adel Sultanate, Adal Sultanate ) (Arabic : سلطنة عدل ) was a medieval Sunni Muslim Empire which was located in the Horn of Africa .[ 2] It was founded by Sabr ad-Din III on the Harar plateau in Adal after the fall of the Sultanate of Ifat .[ 3] The kingdom flourished c. 1415 to 1577.[ 4] At its height, the polity under Sultan Badlay controlled the territory stretching from Cape Guardafui in Somalia to the port city of Suakin in Sudan .[ 5] [ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] The Adal Empire maintained a robust commercial and political relationship with the Ottoman Empire .[ 11] Sultanate of Adal was alternatively known as the federation of Zeila .[ 12]
^ Zekaria, Ahmed (1991). "Harari Coins: A Preliminary Survey" . Journal of Ethiopian Studies . 24 : 24. ISSN 0304-2243 . JSTOR 41965992 . Archived from the original on 2022-12-31. Retrieved 2024-01-15 .
^ Ta'a, Tesema (2002). " "Bribing the Land": An Appraisal of the Farming Systems of the Maccaa Oromo in Wallagga" . Northeast African Studies . 9 (3). Michigan State University Press: 99. doi :10.1353/nas.2007.0016 . JSTOR 41931282 . S2CID 201750719 . Archived from the original on 2021-05-20. Retrieved 2021-09-07 .
^ Ahmed, Hussein (2007). "Reflections on Historical and Contemporary Islam in Ethiopia and Somalia: A Comparative and Contrastive Overview" . Journal of Ethiopian Studies . 40 (1/2). Institute of Ethiopian Studies: 264. JSTOR 41988230 . Archived from the original on 2023-02-01. Retrieved 2023-03-22 .
^ Elrich 2001 , p. 36.
^ Pradines, Stéphane (7 November 2022). Historic Mosques in Sub-Saharan Africa From Timbuktu to Zanzibar . BRILL. p. 127. ISBN 9789004472617 . Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2023 .
^ Braukamper, Ulrich (2002). Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia . Lit. p. 33. ISBN 9783825856717 . Archived from the original on 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2023-07-07 .
^ Owens, Travis. BELEAGUERED MUSLIM FORTRESSES AND ETHIOPIAN IMPERIAL EXPANSION FROM THE 13TH TO THE 16TH CENTURY (PDF) . NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL. p. 23. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 12, 2020.
^ Pouwels, Randall (31 March 2000). The History of Islam in Africa . Ohio University Press. p. 229. ISBN 9780821444610 . Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2020 .
^ Leo, Africanus; Pory, John; Brown, Robert (1896). The history and description of Africa . Harvard University. London, Printed for the Hakluyt society. pp. 51–53.
^ Hassan, Mohamed. The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860 . p. 35.
^ Salvadore, Matteo (2016). The African Prester John and the Birth of Ethiopian-European Relations, 1402–1555 . Routledge. p. 158. ISBN 978-1317045465 . Retrieved 18 March 2018 .
^ Brill, E. J. (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936. A - Bābā Beg · Volume 1 . Brill. p. 126. ISBN 9789004097872 . Archived from the original on 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2023-07-07 .