People descending from indigenous Africans living outside Africa
Ethnic group
African diaspora Brazil 20,656,458 (2022)[ 1] 92,083,286 (Mixed) United States 41,104,200 (2020)[ 2] 5,832,533 (Mixed) Haiti 9,925,365 [ 3] France 3,000,000–5,000,000 (2009)[ 4] Saudi Arabia 3,600,000 [ 5] Yemen 3,500,000 [ 6] Colombia 2,982,224 (2018)[ 7] Mexico 2,576,213 (2020)[ 8] Jamaica 2,510,000 [ 9] United Kingdom 2,485,724 (2021)249,596 (Mixed)[ 10] Iraq 2,000,000 [ 11] Dominican Republic 1,704,000 [ 12] [ 13] Panama 1,258,915 (2023)[ 14] Spain 1,206,701 (79% being North African)[ 15] Canada 1,198,540 [ 16] Italy 1,140,000 (60% being North African)[ 17] Venezuela 1,087,427 (2011)[ 18] Cuba 1,034,044 [ 19] Germany 1,000,000 (50% being North African)[ 20] Peru 828,894 (2017)[ 21] Oman 750,000 Ecuador 569,212 (2022)245,256 (Mixed)[ 22] Netherlands 507,000 Trinidad and Tobago 452,536 [ 23] Belgium 358,268 (2023)[ 24] Australia 326,673 (2021)[ 25] Portugal 310,000 [ 26] Argentina 302,936 (2022)[ 27] Barbados 270,853 [ 28] Uruguay 255,074 (2011)[ 29] Sweden 250,881 (2022)[ 30] Pakistan 250,000 [ 31] Puerto Rico 228,711 [ 32] Guyana 225,860 [ 33] Suriname 200,406 [ 34] [ 35] [ 36] Chile 195,809 (2017, including Haitian immigrants)[ 37] [ 38] Norway 149,502 (2023)[ 39] Grenada 108,700 [ 40] Turkey 100,000 [ 41] Jordan 60,000 [ 42] Russia 50,000 [ 43] (est. 2009) Costa Rica 45,228 (2018)289,209 (Mixed)[ 44] Guatemala 27,647 (2018)19,529 (Mixed)[ 45] India 19,514 (2011)[ 46] Paraguay 8,013 (2022)[ 47] English (American , Caribbean ), French (Canadian , Haitian ), Haitian Creole , Spanish , Portuguese , Papiamento , Dutch and African languages Christianity , Islam , Traditional African religions , Afro-American religions Africans
The global African diaspora is the worldwide collection of communities descended from people from Africa , predominantly in the Americas .[ 48] The African populations in the Americas are descended from haplogroup L genetic groups of native Africans.[ 49] [ 50] The term most commonly refers to the descendants of the native West and Central Africans who were enslaved and shipped to the Americas via the Atlantic slave trade between the 16th and 19th centuries, with their largest populations in Brazil , the United States , and Haiti (in that order).[ 51] [ 52] However, the term can also be used to refer to African descendants who immigrated to other parts of the world consensually. Some[quantify ] scholars identify "four circulatory phases" of this migration out of Africa.[ 53] The phrase African diaspora gradually entered common usage at the turn of the 21st century.[ 54] The term diaspora originates from the Greek διασπορά (diaspora , "scattering") which gained popularity in English in reference to the Jewish diaspora before being more broadly applied to other populations.[ 55]
Less commonly, the term has been used in scholarship to refer to more recent emigration from Africa.[ 56] The African Union (AU) defines the African diaspora as consisting: "of people of native or partial African origin living outside the continent, irrespective of their citizenship and nationality and who are willing to contribute to the development of the continent and the building of the African Union".[ 57] Its constitutive act declares that it shall "invite and encourage the full participation of the African diaspora as an important part of our continent, in the building of the African Union".[ 58]
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^ Crumley, Bruce (March 24, 2009), "Should France Count Its Minority Population?" , Time , retrieved October 11, 2014
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^ "El 32,8 % de la población de Panamá se reconoce como afrodescendiente" . March 2023.
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^ Fabrizio Ciocca (November 12, 2019). "Africani d'Italia" . Neodemos (in Italian).
^ "XIV Censo National de Poblacion y Vivienda" (PDF) . May 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 5, 2019. Retrieved April 27, 2021 .
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^ "La Autoidentificación Étnica: Población Indígena y Afroperuana" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2018. p. 123. Retrieved January 16, 2024 .
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^ "Trinidad and Tobago 2011 Population and Housing Census: Demographic Report" (PDF) . Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Central Statistical Office. 2012. p. 94. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2017. Retrieved August 20, 2017 .
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^ Batista, Joana Gorjão Henriques, Frederico (July 4, 2015). "O país que tem mais gente fora do que dentro" . PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved June 4, 2023 . {{cite web }}
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^ "Foreign-born by county, municipality, sex and country of birth 31 December 2022" . www.scb.se . Statistics Sweden.
^ Paracha, Nadeem F. (August 26, 2018). "Smokers' corner: Sindh's African roots" . DAWN.COM . Retrieved April 27, 2021 .
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^ "Cuadro P42. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según grupo de edad. Año 2010" [Table P42. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private households by sex, according to age group, 2010]. INDEC (in Spanish). Archived from the original (XLS) on October 29, 2013.
^ "Cuadro P43. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según lugar de nacimiento. Año 2010" [Table P43. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private homes by sex, according to place of birth, 2010]. INDEC (in Spanish). Archived from the original (XLS) on April 18, 2014.
^ "Medición de Pueblos Indígenas y Afrodescendientes en el Censo de Población y Vivienda 2017" (PDF) . Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas . November 2018.
^ "Extranjeros en Chile superan el millón 110 mil y el 72% se concentra en dos regiones: Antofagasta y Metropolitana" . El Mercurio. April 9, 2018. Retrieved December 23, 2019 .
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^ Salas, Antonio, etl. (2004). "The African Diaspora: Mitochondrial DNA and the Atlantic Slave Trade" . American Journal of Human Genetics . 74 (3): 454–465. doi :10.1086/382194 . PMC 1182259 . Retrieved February 17, 2024 . {{cite journal }}
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^ Johnson, Derek, etl. (2015). "Mitochondrial DNA diversity in the African American population" . Mitochondrial DNA . 26 (3): 445–451. doi :10.3109/19401736.2013.840591 . PMC 4048334 . PMID 24102597 . {{cite journal }}
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^ Ade Ajayi, J. F.; International Scientific Committee For The Drafting Of a General History Of Africa, Unesco (July 1, 1998). General History of Africa . University of California Press. pp. 305–15 . ISBN 978-0-520-06701-1 . via Google Books
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^ Harris, J. E. (1993). "Introduction" In J. E. Harris (ed.), Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora , pp. 8–9.
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^ In an article published in 1991, William Safran set out six rules to distinguish "diasporas" from general migrant communities. While Safran's definitions were influenced by the idea of the Jewish diaspora , he recognised the expanding use of the term. Rogers Brubaker (2005) also noted that use of the term "diaspora" had started to take on an increasingly general sense. He suggests that one element of this expansion in use "involves the application of the term diaspora to an ever-broadening set of cases: essentially to any and every nameable population category that is to some extent dispersed in space". An early example of the use of "African diaspora" appears in the title of Sidney Lemelle, Robin D. G. Kelley, Imagining Home: Class, Culture and Nationalism in the African Diaspora (1994).
^ Akyeampong, E. (2000). "Africans in the Diaspora: The Diaspora and Africans". African Affairs . 99 (395): 183–215. doi :10.1093/afraf/99.395.183 .
^ "The Diaspora Division | African Union" . au.int . Retrieved May 23, 2022 .
^
"The Diaspora Division" . Statement . The Citizens and Diaspora Organizations Directorate (CIDO). Archived from the original on December 1, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2016 .