Back ألساندرو فارنيزي Arabic الساندرو فارنيزى ARZ Алесандра Фарнезэ (герцаг Пармскі) Byelorussian Алесандро Фарнезе (Парма и Пиаченца) Bulgarian Alessandro Farnese (1545-1592) Breton Alexandre I de Parma Catalan Alessandro Farnese (1545–1592) Czech Alessandro Farnese af Parma Danish Alessandro Farnese (1545–1592) German Αλέξανδρος Φαρνέζε της Πάρμας Greek
| Alessandro Farnese | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Farnese by Otto van Veen | |
| Duke of Parma and Piacenza | |
| Reign | 15 September 1586 – 3 December 1592 |
| Predecessor | Ottavio |
| Successor | Ranuccio I |
| Governor of the Spanish Netherlands | |
| Reign | 1 October 1578 – 3 December 1592 |
| Predecessor | John of Austria |
| Successor | Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort |
| Born | 27 August 1545 Rome, Papal States |
| Died | 3 December 1592 (aged 47) Arras, Kingdom of France |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | Infanta Maria of Portugal |
| Issue | Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma Margherita, Hereditary Princess of Mantua Cardinal Oddoardo |
| House | Farnese |
| Father | Ottavio Farnese |
| Mother | Margaret of Parma |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| Signature | .PNG) |
Alexander Farnese (Italian: Alessandro Farnese, Spanish: Alejandro Farnesio; 27 August 1545 – 3 December 1592) was an Italian noble and condottiero, who was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1586 to 1592, as well as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1578 to 1592. As a general of the Spanish army during the Dutch revolt, Farnese captured more than thirty towns in what is now Belgium between 1581 and 1587 and returned them to the control of Habsburg Spain.[1] During the French Wars of Religion he relieved Paris for the Catholic League.[2]
His talents as a commander on the battlefield, strategist and organizator earned him the regard of his contemporaries and historians as the best general of his age[3][4] and one of the best in history.[5] Under his leadership, Philip II's army achieved the most comprehensive successes in the history of the Eighty Years' War before being decisively diverted to the French theater. His military and diplomatic victories still gave Spain back control of the southern provinces, establishing the cultural and religious separation which would eventually become the nation of Belgium.[6]
- ^ Tucker, Spencer (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. p. 821.
- ^ de Groof, Bart (1993). "Alexander Farnese and the Origins of Modern Belgium". Bulletin de l'Institut Historique Belge de Rome. 63: 195–219. ISSN 0073-8530.
- ^ Keegan, John; Wheatcroft, Andrew (2014). Who's Who in Military History: From 1453 to the Present Day. London: Routledge.
- ^ De Carlos Bertrán 2018, p. 8.
- ^ Diccionario enciclopédico hispano-americano de literatura, ciencias y artes: Apéndice 24-25. Segundo apéndice 26-28. Montaner y Simón. 1891.
- ^ Eric J., Griffin (2012). English Renaissance Drama and the Specter of Spain: Ethnopoetics and Empire. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 128. ISBN 9780812202106.