Back Aleksander III van Rusland Afrikaans 3ኛ አሌክሳንደር Amharic Aleixandre III de Rusia AN ألكسندر الثالث Arabic الكسندر التالت ARZ III Aleksandr Azerbaijani اۆچونجو الکساندر (روسیه) AZB Александр III Bashkir Аляксандр III (імператар расійскі) Byelorussian Александър III (Русия) Bulgarian
| Alexander III | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Portrait photograph, 1885 | |||||
| Emperor of Russia | |||||
| Reign | 13 March 1881 – 1 November 1894 | ||||
| Coronation | 27 May 1883 | ||||
| Predecessor | Alexander II | ||||
| Successor | Nicholas II | ||||
| Born | 10 March 1845 Winter Palace, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire | ||||
| Died | 1 November 1894 (aged 49) Maley Palace, Livadia,[a] Taurida Governorate, Russian Empire | ||||
| Burial | 18 November 1894 Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire | ||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue Detail | |||||
| |||||
| House | Romanov-Holstein-Gottorp | ||||
| Father | Alexander II of Russia | ||||
| Mother | Marie of Hesse and by Rhine | ||||
| Religion | Russian Orthodox | ||||
| Signature | .png){kind=small} | ||||
Alexander III (Russian: Александр III Александрович Романов, romanized: Aleksandr III Aleksandrovich Romanov; 10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894)[1] was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 13 March 1881 until his death in 1894.[2] He was highly reactionary in domestic affairs and reversed some of the liberal reforms of his father, Alexander II, a policy of "counter-reforms" (Russian: контрреформы). Under the influence of Konstantin Pobedonostsev (1827–1907), he acted to maximize his autocratic powers.[citation needed]
During his reign, Russia fought no major wars, and he came to be known as The Peacemaker (Russian: Миротворец, romanized: Mirotvorets, IPA: [mʲɪrɐˈtvorʲɪt͡s]), with the laudatory title of Tsar’-Mirotvorets enduring into 21st century historiography.[3] His major foreign policy achievement was the Russo-French Alliance, a major shift in international relations that eventually embroiled Russia in World War I. His political legacy represented a direct challenge to the European cultural order set forth by German statesman Otto von Bismarck, intermingling Russian influences with the shifting balances of power.[4]
Alexander was known for his striking appearance, a tall, heavy-set man, of enormous muscular strength.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ 10 March [O.S. 26 February] 1845 – 1 November [O.S. 20 October] 1894
- ^ 13 March [O.S. 1 March] 1881 – 1 November [O.S. 20 October] 1894.
- ^ Fedyashin, Anton (2023). "Book Review: Istoriia rossiiskogo gosudarstva. Tsar'-osvoboditel' i tsar'-mirotvorets. Lekarstvo dlia imperii [History of the Russian State. The Tsar-Liberator and the Tsar-Peacemaker. Medicine for the Empire] by Boris Akunin". European History Quarterly. 53 (4): 698–700. doi:10.1177/02656914231199945a. S2CID 263705950.
- ^ Kennan, George F. (1979). The Decline of Bismarck's European Order. Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv141649s. JSTOR j.ctv141649s. S2CID 241648947.