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Arctic ecology

A sunset in the arctic region.

Arctic ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in the arctic, the region north of the Arctic Circle (66° 33’N).[1] This region is characterized by two biomes: taiga (or boreal forest) and tundra.[2] While the taiga has a more moderate climate and permits a diversity of both non-vascular and vascular plants,[3] the tundra has a limited growing season and stressful growing conditions due to intense cold, low precipitation,[4] and a lack of sunlight throughout the winter.[5] Sensitive ecosystems exist throughout the Arctic region, which are being impacted dramatically by global warming.[6]

The earliest hominid inhabitants of the Arctic were the Neanderthal sub-species. Since then, many indigenous populations have inhabited the region and continue to do so to this day.[7]

The Arctic is a valued area for ecological research.[8] During the Cold War, the Arctic became a place where the United States, Canada, and the Soviet Union performed significant research that has been essential to the study of climate change in recent years.[9] A major reason why research in the Arctic is valuable for the study of climate change is that the effects of climate change will be felt more quickly and more drastically at higher latitudes of the world as above average temperatures are predicted for Northwest Canada and Alaska.[10][11]

  1. ^ "Arctic Weather and Climate". National Snow and Ice Data Center. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  2. ^ "Arctic Ecosystems (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
  3. ^ "Taiga - Climate, Biodiversity, Coniferous | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
  4. ^ "The tundra biome". ucmp.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
  5. ^ Terasmae, J.; Reeves, Andrew (20 April 2009). "Tundra". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
  6. ^ Hirawake, Toru; Uchida, Masaki; Abe, Hiroto; Alabia, Irene D.; Hoshino, Tamotsu; Masumoto, Shota; Mori, Akira S.; Nishioka, Jun; Nishizawa, Bungo; Ooki, Atsushi; Takahashi, Akinori; Tanabe, Yukiko; Tojo, Motoaki; Tsuji, Masaharu; Ueno, Hiromichi (2021-03-01). "Response of Arctic biodiversity and ecosystem to environmental changes: Findings from the ArCS project". Polar Science. Arctic Challenge for Sustainability Project (ArCS). 27: 100533. Bibcode:2021PolSc..2700533H. doi:10.1016/j.polar.2020.100533. ISSN 1873-9652. S2CID 219504834.
  7. ^ "Arctic Indigenous Peoples". University of Lapland. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  8. ^ Callaghan, Terry V.; Matveyeva, Nadya; Chernov, Yuri; Brooker, Rob (2001-01-01), "Arctic Ecosystems", in Levin, Simon Asher (ed.), Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, New York: Elsevier, pp. 231–247, ISBN 978-0-12-226865-6, retrieved 2023-11-14
  9. ^ Nowak, Magdalena (2014-05-01). "The Hot Struggle Over the Cold Waters: The Strategic Position of the Arctic Region During and After the Cold War". Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. doi:10.33915/etd.497.
  10. ^ Berkes, Fikret and Dyanna Jolly. “Adapting to Climate Change: Social- Ecological Resilience in a Canadian Western Arctic Community.” Conservation Ecology 5 (2001). Accessed on February 23, 2014.
  11. ^ Bocking, Stephen. “Science and Spaces in the Northern Environment.” Environmental History 12 (2007): 867-94. Accessed on February 23, 2014.
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