Back أرماند همر Arabic ارماند همر ARZ Armand Hammer Czech Armand Hammer Danish Armand Hammer German Armand Hammer Esperanto آرماند همر Persian Armand Hammer Finnish Armand Hammer French ארמנד האמר HE
Armand Hammer | |
|---|---|
 Hammer in 1982 | |
| Born | May 21, 1898 New York City, U.S. |
| Died | December 10, 1990 (aged 92) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Columbia University (B.A., 1919; M.D., 1921) |
| Occupation | Business magnate |
| Spouses | Angela Carey Zevely (div. 1954)Frances Barrett Tolman
(m. 1956; died 1989) |
| Children | Julian Armand Hammer |
| Relatives |
|
Armand Hammer (May 21, 1898[1]: 16 – December 10, 1990) was an American business manager and owner. He spent decades with Occidental Petroleum in the mid 20th century.[2] Called "Lenin's chosen capitalist" by the press, he was also known for his art collection and his close ties to the Soviet Union.[3][4][5]
Hammer's business interests around the world and his "citizen diplomacy" helped him cultivate a wide network of friends and associates.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Untoldwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "History of Occidental Petroleum Corporation". FundingUniverse. Archived from the original on September 25, 2018. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
- ^ Epstein 1996, p. 9.
- ^ "Lenin's capitalist friend". The Economist. No. 6558. London. May 3, 1969. p. 76.
- ^ "Deal-maker Armand Hammer Moscow's capitalist comrade". Christian Science Monitor. July 3, 1980. ISSN 0882-7729. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2021.