| Armophorea | |
|---|---|
.png)
| |
| Sicuophora multigranularis (Clevelandellida) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Diaphoretickes |
| Clade: | SAR |
| Clade: | Alveolata |
| Phylum: | Ciliophora |
| Subphylum: | Intramacronucleata |
| Class: | Armophorea Lynn, 2004 |
| Orders | |
Armophorea is a class of ciliates in the subphylum Intramacronucleata.[1][2] .[3] It was first resolved in 2004[4] and comprises three orders: Metopida, Clevelandellida,[5] and Armophorida.[6] Previously members of this class were thought to be heterotrichs because of similarities in morphology, most notably a characteristic dense arrangement of cilia surrounding their oral structures.[7] However, the development of genetic tools and subsequent incorporation of DNA sequence information has led to major revisions in the evolutionary relationships of many protists, including ciliates.[8] Metopids, clevelandellids, and armophorids were grouped into this class based on similarities in their small subunit rRNA sequences, making them one of two so-called "riboclasses" of ciliates, however, recent analyses suggest that Armophorida may not be related to the other two orders.[9]
- ^ Gao, Feng; Warren, Alan; Zhang, Qianqian; Gong, Jun; Miao, Miao; Sun, Ping; Xu, Dapeng; Huang, Jie; Yi, Zhenzhen; Song, Weibo (2016). "The all-data-based evolutionary hypothesis of ciliated protists with a revised classification of the Phylum Ciliophora (Eukaryota, Alveolata)". Scientific Reports. 6: 24874. Bibcode:2016NatSR...624874G. doi:10.1038/srep24874. PMC 4850378. PMID 27126745.
- ^ Da Silva Paiva, T; Do Nascimento Borges, B; Da Silva-Neto, I. D. (2013). "Phylogenetic study of Class Armophorea (Alveolata, Ciliophora) based on 18S-rDNA data". Genetics and Molecular Biology. 36 (4): 571–585. doi:10.1590/S1415-47572013000400017. PMC 3873190. PMID 24385862.
- ^ Li, Can; Zhao, Weishan; Zhang, Dong; Wang, Runqiu; Wang, Guitang; Zou, Hong; Li, Wenxiang; Wu, Shangong; Li, Ming (2018). "Sicuophora (Syn. Wichtermania) multigranularis from Quasipaa spinosa (Anura): morphological and molecular study, with emphasis on validity of Sicuophora (Armophorea, Clevelandellida)". Parasite. 25: 38. doi:10.1051/parasite/2018035. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 6063722. PMID 30052499.
- ^ AFFA'A, FELIX-MARIE; HICKEY, DONAL A.; STRUDER-KYPKE, MICHAELA; LYNN, DENIS H. (May 2004). "Phylogenetic Position of Species in the Genera Anoplophrya, Plagiotoma, and Nyctotheroides (Phylum Ciliophora), Endosymbiotic Ciliates of Annelids and Anurans". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 51 (3): 301–306. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00570.x. ISSN 1066-5234. PMID 15218698. S2CID 34941205.
- ^ De Puytorac, P; Grain, J (1976). "Ultrastructure du cortex buccal et évolution chez les ciliés". Protistologica. 12: 49–67.
- ^ Jankowski, AW (1964). "Morphology and evolution of Ciliophora. III. Diagnoses and phylogenesis of 53 sapropelobionts, mainly of the order Heterotrichida". Protist. 107: 185–294.
- ^ Lynn, Denis H.. (2008). The Ciliated Protozoa : Characterization, Classification, and Guide to the Literature. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. ISBN 9781402082399. OCLC 758317642.
- ^ Caron, David A.; Countway, Peter D.; Jones, Adriane C.; Kim, Diane Y.; Schnetzer, Astrid (2012-01-15). "Marine Protistan Diversity". Annual Review of Marine Science. 4 (1): 467–493. Bibcode:2012ARMS....4..467C. doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142802. ISSN 1941-1405. PMID 22457984. S2CID 28185769.
- ^ Li, Song; Bourland, William A.; Al-Farraj, Saleh A.; Li, Lifang; Hu, Xiaozhong (October 2017). "Description of two species of caenomorphid ciliates (Ciliophora, Armophorea): Morphology and molecular phylogeny". European Journal of Protistology. 61 (Pt A): 29–40. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2017.08.001. PMID 28843744.
