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BB84[1][2] is a quantum key distribution scheme developed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. It is the first quantum cryptography protocol.[3] The protocol is provably secure assuming a perfect implementation, relying on two conditions: (1) the quantum property that information gain is only possible at the expense of disturbing the signal if the two states one is trying to distinguish are not orthogonal (see no-cloning theorem); and (2) the existence of an authenticated public classical channel.[4] It is usually explained as a method of securely communicating a private key from one party to another for use in one-time pad encryption.[5] The proof of BB84 depends on a perfect implementation. Side channel attacks exist, taking advantage of non-quantum sources of information. Since this information is non-quantum, it can be intercepted without measuring or cloning quantum particles.[6]
- ^ C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard. "Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing". In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, volume 175, page 8. New York, 1984. http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/files/us-bennetc/BB84highest.pdf Archived 2020-01-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Bennett, Charles H.; Brassard, Gilles (2014-12-04). "Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing". Theoretical Computer Science. Theoretical Aspects of Quantum Cryptography – celebrating 30 years of BB84. 560, Part 1: 7–11. arXiv:2003.06557. doi:10.1016/j.tcs.2014.05.025.
- ^ Branciard, Cyril; Gisin, Nicolas; Kraus, Barbara; Scarani, Valerio (2005). "Security of two quantum cryptography protocols using the same four qubit states". Physical Review A. 72 (3): 032301. arXiv:quant-ph/0505035. Bibcode:2005PhRvA..72c2301B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.72.032301. S2CID 53653084.
- ^ Scarani, Valerio; Bechmann-Pasquinucci, Helle; Cerf, Nicolas J.; Dušek, Miloslav; Lütkenhaus, Norbert; Peev, Momtchil (2009). "The security of practical quantum key distribution". Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 (3): 1301–1350. arXiv:0802.4155. Bibcode:2009RvMP...81.1301S. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1301. S2CID 15873250.
- ^ Quantum Computing and Quantum Information, Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang, Cambridge University Press 2000
- ^ Dixon, A. R., Dynes, J. F., Lucamarini, M., Fröhlich, B., Sharpe, A. W., Plews, A., Tam, W., Yuan, Z. L., Tanizawa, Y., Sato, H., Kawamura, S., Fujiwara, M., Sasaki, M., & Shields, A. J. (2017). Quantum key distribution with hacking countermeasures and long term field trial. Scientific Reports, 7, 1978.