Battle of Saule | |||||||
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Part of the Livonian Crusade | |||||||
Supposed site of the battle, near Jauniūnai | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Livonian Brothers of the Sword Pskov Republic Livonians Latgallians |
Samogitians Semigallians | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Volkwin † | Vykintas | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
3,000 | 4,000–5,000 | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
48–60 knights killed 2,700 total killed | 1,200 total killed | ||||||
Location within Lithuania |
The Battle of Saule (Lithuanian: Saulės mūšis / Šiaulių mūšis; German: Schlacht von Schaulen; Latvian: Saules kauja) was fought on 22 September 1236, between the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and pagan troops of Samogitians and Semigallians. Between 48 and 60 knights were killed, including the Livonian Master, Volkwin. It was the earliest large-scale defeat suffered by the orders in Baltic lands.[1] The Sword-Brothers, the first Catholic military order established in the Baltic lands, was soundly defeated and its remnants accepted incorporation into the Teutonic Order in 1237. The battle inspired rebellions among the Curonians, Semigallians, Selonians, Oeselians, tribes previously conquered by the Sword-Brothers. Some thirty years' worth of conquests on the left bank of Daugava were lost.[2] To commemorate the battle, in 2000 the Lithuanian and Latvian parliaments declared 22 September to be the Baltic Unity Day.[3][4]