Battle of Wilson's Creek

Battle of Wilson's Creek
Part of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
Date August 10, 1861 (1861-08-10) Location Wilson's Creek, near Springfield, Missouri 37°06′00″N 93°24′27″W / 37.1000°N 93.4075°W / 37.1000; -93.4075 Result Confederate victory
Belligerents
United States	Confederate States Missouri (Confederate)
Commanders and leaders
Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon † Col. Franz Sigel Maj. Samuel D. Sturgis	Maj. Gen. Sterling Price Brig. Gen. Ben McCulloch Brig. Gen. Nicholas Pearce
Units involved
Army of the West	Missouri State Guard Western Army
Strength
c. 5,430[1]	c. 12,120[2]
Casualties and losses
1,317 (285 killed 873 wounded 186 missing[1])	1,232 (277 killed 945 wounded 10+ missing[2])
Wilson's Creek class=notpageimage| Location within Missouri

The Battle of Wilson's Creek, also known as the Battle of Oak Hills, was the first major battle of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War. It was fought on August 10, 1861, near Springfield, Missouri.

In August, Confederates under Brigadier General Benjamin McCulloch and Missouri State Guard troops under Maj. Gen. Sterling Price approached Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon's Army of the West, camped at Springfield. On August 10, Lyon, in two columns commanded by himself and Col. Franz Sigel, attacked the Confederates on Wilson's Creek about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Springfield. Confederate cavalry received the first blow and retreated from the high ground.^[3] Confederate infantry attacked the Union forces three times during the day but failed to break through. Eventually, Sigel's column was driven back to Springfield, allowing the Confederates to consolidate their forces against Lyon's main column. When Lyon was killed and General Thomas William Sweeny wounded, Major Samuel D. Sturgis assumed command of the Union forces. When Sturgis realized that his men were exhausted and lacking ammunition, he ordered a retreat to Springfield. The battle was reckoned as a Confederate victory, but the Confederates were too disorganized and ill-equipped to pursue the retreating Union forces.

Although the state remained in the Union for the remainder of the war, the battle effectively gave the Confederates control of southwestern Missouri. The victory at Wilson's Creek also allowed Price to lead the Missouri State Guard north in a campaign culminating at the siege of Lexington, Missouri.