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| A trick-avoidance game | |
 The black lady | |
| Origin | United States |
|---|---|
| Alternative names | American hearts, black lady hearts, black Maria, black widow, slippery Anne, rickety Kate |
| Type | Trick-avoidance |
| Players | 3–6 (4 best) |
| Skills | Card counting, tactics |
| Cards | 52 cards (4 players) |
| Deck | French |
| Rank (high→low) | A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 |
| Play | Clockwise |
| Playing time | 10 minutes per hand |
| Chance | Low–moderate |
| Related games | |
| Hearts • Black Maria | |
| Aim: avoid capturing hearts or the ♠Q | |
Black lady is an American card game of the hearts group for three to six players and the most popular of the group. It emerged in the early 20th century as an elaboration of hearts and was initially also called discard hearts. It is named after its highest penalty card, the queen of spades or "black lady". It is a trick-avoidance game in which the aim is to avoid taking tricks containing hearts or the black lady. American author and leading bridge exponent, Ely Culbertson, describes it as "essentially hearts with the addition of the queen of spades as a minus card, counting thirteen" and goes on to say that "black lady and its elaborations have completely overshadowed the original hearts in popularity".[1]
The game is often called hearts in America, although that is the proper name for the basic game in which only the cards of the heart suit incur penalty points. It is known by a variety of other names including American hearts,[2] black lady hearts,[3] black widow[4] and slippery Anne.[1] In Australia it is known as rickety Kate.[5] It is sometimes misnamed black Maria which, however, is the British variant of hearts played with additional penalty cards.
- ^ a b Culbertson 1950, pp. 244–245.
- ^ Glenn & Denton 2003, p. 93.
- ^ Little Giant Encyclopedia 2009, p. 89.
- ^ Sackson 1994, p. 65.
- ^ Rickety Kate at australiancardgames.com.au. Retrieved 7 Feb 2020.