Back Bolsjewis Afrikaans بلشفية Arabic بلاشفه ARZ Bolxevique AST Bolşeviklər Azerbaijani بولشوویک AZB Bolschewist BAR Бальшавікі Byelorussian Бальшавікі BE-X-OLD Болшевизъм Bulgarian
| Большевики | |
.jpg) 1920 Bolshevik Party meeting: sitting (from left to right) are Yenukidze, Kalinin, Bukharin, Tomsky, Lashevich, Kamenev, Preobrazhensky, Serebryakov, Lenin, and Rykov in front | |
| Successor | Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1903 |
| Founder | Vladimir Lenin |
| Dissolved | 1952[1] |
| Headquarters | Varied |
| Products | Pravda (newspaper) |
| Leader | Vladimir Lenin |
Parent organization | Russian Social Democratic Labour Party |
Formerly called | "hards" |
The Bolsheviks (Russian: большевики, bolsheviki; from большинство, bolshinstvo, 'majority'),[a] led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks[b] at the Second Party Congress in 1903. The Bolshevik party, formally established in 1912, seized power in Russia in the October Revolution of 1917, and was later renamed the Russian Communist Party, All-Union Communist Party, and Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The party's ideology, based on Leninist and later Marxist–Leninist principles, is known as Bolshevism.
The origin of the split was Lenin's support for a smaller party of professional revolutionaries, as opposed to the Menshevik desire for a broad party membership. The influence of the factions fluctuated in the years up to 1912, when the RSDLP formally split into two parties. The Bolsheviks' political philosophy was based on the Leninist principles of vanguardism and democratic centralism. After the February Revolution of 1917, Lenin returned to Russia and issued his April Theses, which called for "no support for the Provisional Government" and "all power to the soviets". In the summer of 1917, especially after the July Days and Kornilov affair, large numbers of radicalized workers joined the Bolsheviks, which planned the October Revolution which overthrew the government. The party initially governed in coalition with the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, but increasingly centralized power and suppressed opposition during the Russian Civil War, and after 1921 became the sole legal party in Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union. Under Joseph Stalin's leadership, the party became linked to his policies of "socialism in one country", rapid industrialization, collectivized agriculture, and centralized state control.
- ^ (renamed the "Communist Party of the Soviet Union")
- ^ "Bolsheviki Seize State Buildings, Defying Kerensky". The New York Times. 7 November 1917. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
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