Bosnian | |
---|---|
Bosniak | |
bosanski / босански | |
Pronunciation | [bɔ̌sanskiː] |
Native to | Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia), Sandžak (Serbia and Montenegro) and Kosovo |
Ethnicity | Bosniaks |
Native speakers | 2.6 million (2020)[1] |
Latin (Gaj's Latin alphabet) Cyrillic (Serbian Cyrillic alphabet)[Note 1] Yugoslav Braille Formerly: Arabic (Arebica) Bosnian Cyrillic (Bosančica) | |
Official status | |
Official language in | ![]() ![]() |
Recognised minority language in | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | bs |
ISO 639-2 | bos |
ISO 639-3 | bos |
Glottolog | bosn1245 |
Linguasphere | part of 53-AAA-g |
![]() Countries where Bosnian is a co-official language (dark green) or a recognised minority language (light green) | |
![]() Bosnian is not endangered according to the classification system of the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger[4] | |
South Slavic languages and dialects |
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Bosnian (/ˈbɒzniən/ ; bosanski / босански; [bɔ̌sanskiː]), sometimes referred to as Bosniak language, is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language mainly used by ethnic Bosniaks.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Bosnian is one of three such varieties considered official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina,[12] along with Croatian and Serbian. It is also an officially recognized minority language in Croatia, Serbia,[13] Montenegro,[14] North Macedonia and Kosovo.[15]
Bosnian uses both the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets,[Note 1] with Latin in everyday use.[16] It is notable among the varieties of Serbo-Croatian for a number of Arabic, Persian and Ottoman Turkish loanwords, largely due to the language's interaction with those cultures through Islamic ties.[17][18][19]
Bosnian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Serbian and Montenegrin varieties. Therefore, the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks and Montenegrins was issued in 2017 in Sarajevo.[20][21] Until the 1990s, the common language was called Serbo-Croatian[22] and that term is still used in English, along with "Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian" (BCMS), especially in diplomatic circles.
Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian shall also be in the official use.
Because of their mutual intelligibility, Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian are usually thought of as constituting one language called Serbo-Croatian.
Serbo-Croatian, which features four ethnic variants: Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin
Serben, Kroaten, Bosnier und Montenegriner immer noch auf ihren jeweiligen Nationalsprachen unterhalten und problemlos verständigen. Nur schon diese Tatsache zeigt, dass es sich immer noch um eine polyzentrische Sprache mit verschiedenen Varietäten handelt.
The debate about the status of the Serbo-Croatian language and its varieties has recently shifted (again) towards a position which looks at the internal variation within Serbo-Croatian through the prism of linguistic pluricentricity
MontenegroConstitution
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).In addition, today, neither Bosniaks nor Croats, but only Serbs use Cyrillic in Bosnia.
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