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Paradigm | Multi-paradigm: structured, imperative, object-oriented, event-driven, task-driven, functional, generic, reflective, concurrent |
---|---|
Family | C |
Designed by | Anders Hejlsberg (Microsoft) |
Developer | Mads Torgersen (Microsoft) |
First appeared | 2000[1] |
Stable release | 12.0[2] ![]() |
Typing discipline | Static, dynamic,[3] strong, safe, nominative, partly inferred |
Memory management | automatic memory management |
Platform | Common Language Infrastructure |
License | |
Filename extensions | .cs , .csx |
Website | learn |
Major implementations | |
Visual C#, .NET, Mono, Universal Windows Platform Discontinued: .NET Framework, DotGNU | |
Dialects | |
Cω, Polyphonic C#, Enhanced C# | |
Influenced by | |
C++,[6] Cω, Eiffel, F#,[a] Haskell, Scala, Icon, J#, J++, Java,[6] ML, Modula-3, Object Pascal,[7] VB | |
Influenced | |
Chapel,[8] Clojure,[9] Crystal,[10] D, J#, Dart,[11] F#, Hack, Java,[12][13] Kotlin, Nemerle, Oxygene, Rust,[14] Swift,[15] Vala, TypeScript | |
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C# (/ˌsiː ˈʃɑːrp/ see SHARP)[b] is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms. C# encompasses static typing,[16]: 4 strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic,[16]: 22 object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.[17]
The principal inventors of the C# programming language were Anders Hejlsberg, Scott Wiltamuth, and Peter Golde from Microsoft.[17] It was first widely distributed in July 2000[17] and was later approved as an international standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) in 2002 and ISO/IEC (ISO/IEC 23270 and 20619[c]) in 2003. Microsoft introduced C# along with .NET Framework and Visual Studio, both of which were closed-source. At the time, Microsoft had no open-source products. Four years later, in 2004, a free and open-source project called Mono began, providing a cross-platform compiler and runtime environment for the C# programming language. A decade later, Microsoft released Visual Studio Code (code editor), Roslyn (compiler), and the unified .NET platform (software framework), all of which support C# and are free, open-source, and cross-platform. Mono also joined Microsoft but was not merged into .NET.
As of November 2023,[update] the most recent stable version of the language is C# 12.0, which was released in 2023 in .NET 8.0.[18][19]
dynamic
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).influenced by CPP
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).influenced by op
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).It's heavily inspired by Ruby, and other languages (like C#, Go and Python).
influenced
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).The Swift language is the product of tireless effort from a team of language experts, documentation gurus, compiler optimization ninjas, and an incredibly important internal dogfooding group who provided feedback to help refine and battle-test ideas. Of course, it also greatly benefited from the experiences hard-won by many other languages in the field, drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list.
ECMA-334
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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