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1 – Cephalodium
2 – Cyanobacteria
3 – Cortex
4 – Green algal photobiont
5 – Medulla
A cephalodium (pl. cephalodia) is a small gall-like structure found in some lichens. They occur only lichens which contain both cyanobacterial and green algal partners. Cephalodia can occur within the tissues of the lichen, or on its upper or lower surface. Lichens with cephalodia can fix nitrogen, and may be an important contributor of nitrogen to the ecosystem.