Back ضلع عنقي Arabic গ্রীবাদেশীয় পর্শুকা Bengali/Bangla Halsrippe German Costilla cervical Spanish Kaulakylkiluu Finnish Côte cervicale French Zespół żebra szyjnego Polish

Cervical rib

Cervical rib
Other namesNeck ribs[1]
SpecialtyThoracic surgery

A cervical rib in humans is an extra rib which arises from the seventh cervical vertebra. Their presence is a congenital abnormality located above the normal first rib. A cervical rib is estimated to occur in 0.2%[2] to 0.5%[3] (1 in 200 to 500) of the population.[4] People may have a cervical rib on the right, left or both sides.[5][6]

Most cases of cervical ribs are not clinically relevant and do not have symptoms;[7][8] cervical ribs are generally discovered incidentally, most often during x-rays and CT scans.[3][4][6] However, they vary widely in size and shape,[3] and in rare cases, they may cause problems such as contributing to thoracic outlet syndrome,[7] because of pressure on the nerves that may be caused by the presence of the rib.[7][9]

A cervical rib represents a persistent ossification of the C7 lateral costal element.[7][8] During early development, this ossified costal element typically becomes re-absorbed. Failure of this process results in a variably elongated transverse process or complete rib that can be anteriorly fused with the T1 first rib below.[10]

  1. ^ Selim, Jocelyn. "Useless Body Parts".
  2. ^ Galis F (1999). "Why do almost all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae? Developmental constraints, Hox genes, and cancer". J. Exp. Zool. 285 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990415)285:1<19::AID-JEZ3>3.0.CO;2-Z. PMID 10327647. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06.
  3. ^ a b c Terry Yochum; Lindsay Rowe (2005). Essentials of Skeletal Radiology (3 ed.). Lippencott & Williams.
  4. ^ a b Rochkind, Shimon; Zager, Eric (2012-01-01), Quiñones-Hinojosa, Alfredo (ed.), "Chapter 205 - Management of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome", Schmidek and Sweet Operative Neurosurgical Techniques (Sixth Edition), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 2339–2348, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6839-6.10205-9, ISBN 978-1-4160-6839-6, retrieved 2020-10-23
  5. ^ Oner, Zulal; Oner, Serkan; Sahin, Necati Emre; Cay, Mahmut (26 January 2023). "Evaluation of congenital rib anomalies with multi-detector computed tomography in the Turkish population". Folia Morphologica. doi:10.5603/FM.a2023.0006. PMID 36794687. S2CID 256899032.
  6. ^ a b Walden, Michael; et al. (2013). "Cervical ribs: identification on MRI and clinical relevance". Clinical Imaging. 37 (5): 938–941. doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2013.01.005. PMID 23759210.
  7. ^ a b c d Giles, Lynton G. F. (2009-01-01), Giles, Lynton G. F. (ed.), "Case 67 - Cervical ribs", 100 Challenging Spinal Pain Syndrome Cases (Second Edition), Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 311–314, doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06716-7.00067-0, ISBN 978-0-443-06716-7, retrieved 2020-10-23
  8. ^ a b Tani, Edneia M.; Skoog, Lambert (2008-01-01), Bibbo, Marluce; Wilbur, David (eds.), "CHAPTER 22 - Salivary Glands and Rare Head and Neck Lesions", Comprehensive Cytopathology (Third Edition), Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, pp. 607–632, ISBN 978-1-4160-4208-2, retrieved 2020-10-23
  9. ^ Guttentag, Adam; Salwen, Julia (1999). "Keep Your Eyes on the Ribs: The Spectrum of Normal Variants and Diseases That Involve the Ribs". RadioGraphics. 19 (5): 1125–1142. doi:10.1148/radiographics.19.5.g99se011125. PMID 10489169.
  10. ^ E. McNally, B. Sandin & R. A. Wilkins (June 1990). "The ossification of the costal element of the seventh cervical vertebra with particular reference to cervical ribs". Journal of Anatomy. 170: 125–129. PMC 1257068. PMID 2123844.
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