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Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels.[1] They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light.[2] Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes (see optogenetics). Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants that are sensitive to different colors of light or selective for specific ions (ACRs, KCRs) have been cloned from other species of algae and protists.
- ^ Nagel G, Ollig D, Fuhrmann M, Kateriya S, Musti AM, Bamberg E, et al. (June 2002). "Channelrhodopsin-1: a light-gated proton channel in green algae". Science. 296 (5577): 2395–2398. Bibcode:2002Sci...296.2395N. doi:10.1126/science.1072068. PMID 12089443. S2CID 206506942.
- ^ Sineshchekov OA, Jung KH, Spudich JL (June 2002). "Two rhodopsins mediate phototaxis to low- and high-intensity light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (13): 8689–8694. doi:10.1073/pnas.122243399. PMC 124360. PMID 12060707.