Back كلورهيكسيدين Arabic کلرهقزیدین AZB Clorhexidina Catalan Chlorhexidin Czech Clorhecsidin Welsh Klorhexidin Danish Chlorhexidin German Χλωρεξιδίνη Greek Clorhexidina Spanish کلرهگزیدین Persian

Chlorhexidine

Chlorhexidine
Clinical data
Pronunciationklɔː(r)ˈhɛksɪdiːn
Trade namesBetasept, ChloraPrep, Chlorostat, others
Other namesCHX, CHG, 1,6-bis(4-chloro-phenylbiguanido)hexane
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: A
Routes of
administration		Topical
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S5, S6, S7
  • US: OTC / Rx-only
Identifiers
  • N,N′′′′1,6-Hexanediylbis[N′-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)]
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.217 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC22H30Cl2N10
Molar mass505.45 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point134 to 136 °C (273 to 277 °F)
Solubility in water0.8
  • Clc1ccc(NC(=N)NC(=N)NCCCCCCNC(=N)NC(=N)Nc2ccc(Cl)cc2)cc1
  • InChI=1S/C22H30Cl2N10/c23-15-5-9-17(10-6-15)31-21(27)33-19(25)29-13-3-1-2-4-14-30-20(26)34-22(28)32-18-11-7-16(24)8-12-18/h5-12H,1-4,13-14H2,(H5,25,27,29,31,33)(H5,26,28,30,32,34) checkY
  • Key:GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Chlorhexidine[1] is a disinfectant and antiseptic with the molecular formula C22H30Cl2N10, which is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to disinfect surgical instruments.[2] It is also used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.[3] It is used as a liquid or a powder.[2][3] It is commonly used in salt form, either the gluconate[4] or the acetate.[5]

Side effects may include skin irritation, tooth discoloration, and allergic reactions,[3] although apart from discoloration the risk appears to be the same as povidone-iodine.[6][7] Chlorhexidine rinse is also known to have a bitter metallic aftertaste. Rinsing with water is not recommended as it is known to increase the bitterness.[8] It may cause eye problems if direct contact occurs.[9][10] Use in pregnancy appears to be safe.[11] Chlorhexidine may come mixed in alcohol,[12][13][14] water, or surfactant solution.[3] It is effective against a range of microorganisms, but does not inactivate spores.[2]

Chlorhexidine came into medical use in the 1950s[15] and is available over the counter in the United States.[9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[16][17] In 2021, it was the 247th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.[18][19]

  1. ^ Varoni E, Tarce M, Lodi G, Carrassi A (September 2012). "Chlorhexidine (CHX) in dentistry: state of the art". Minerva Stomatologica. 61 (9): 399–419. PMID 22976567. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  2. ^ a b c World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 321–22. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
  3. ^ a b c d British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp. 568, 791, 839. ISBN 9780857111562.
  4. ^ "Chlorhexidine Gluconate". PubChem. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  5. ^ "Chlorhexidine Acetate". PubChem. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  6. ^ Wade RG, Bourke G, Wormald JC, Totty JP, Stanley GH, Lewandowski A, et al. (November 2021). "Chlorhexidine versus povidone-iodine skin antisepsis before upper limb surgery (CIPHUR): an international multicentre prospective cohort study". BJS Open. 5 (6): zrab117. doi:10.1093/bjsopen/zrab117. PMC 8677347. PMID 34915557.
  7. ^ Wade RG, Burr NE, McCauley G, Bourke G, Efthimiou O (December 2021). "The Comparative Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Povidone-iodine Antiseptics for the Prevention of Infection in Clean Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis". Annals of Surgery. 274 (6): e481–e488. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000004076. PMID 32773627. S2CID 225289226.
  8. ^ "Chlorhexidine (Oral Route) Precautions - Mayo Clinic". www.mayoclinic.org. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  9. ^ a b "Chlorhexidine Gluconate topical". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  10. ^ Tabor E, Bostwick DC, Evans CC (January 1989). "Corneal damage due to eye contact with chlorhexidine gluconate". JAMA. 261 (4): 557–558. doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03420040091021. PMID 2909794.
  11. ^ Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ (2011). Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 252. ISBN 9781608317080. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017.
  12. ^ "Prevantics Swab- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution". DailyMed. 26 October 2022. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  13. ^ "Prevantics Swab- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution". DailyMed. 26 October 2022. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  14. ^ "Prevantics Maxi Swabstick- chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol solution". DailyMed. 26 October 2022. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  15. ^ Schmalz G, Bindslev DA (2008). Biocompatibility of Dental Materials. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 351. ISBN 9783540777823. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017.
  16. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  17. ^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
  18. ^ "The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  19. ^ "Chlorhexidine - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · View on Wikipedia

Developed by razib.in