![]() (R)-(−)-citalopram (top), (S)-(+)-citalopram (bottom) | |
Clinical data | |
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Pronunciation | /saɪˈtæləˌpræm, sɪ-/;[1] |
Trade names | Celexa, Cipramil, others[2] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a699001 |
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Routes of administration | oral, intravenous[4][5][6] |
Drug class | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)[7] |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 80% peak at 4 hours[7] |
Protein binding | <80%[10] |
Metabolism | Liver (CYP3A4 and CYP2C19) |
Metabolites | Desmethylcitalopram (DCT) and didesmethylcitalopram (DDCT) |
Elimination half-life | 35 hours |
Excretion | Mostly as unmetabolized citalopram, partly DCT and traces of DDCT in urine |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.056.247 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C20H21FN2O |
Molar mass | 324.399 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Chirality | Racemic mixture |
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Citalopram, sold under the brand name Celexa among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.[7][10] It is used to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and social phobia.[7] The antidepressant effects may take one to four weeks to occur.[7] It is typically taken orally (swallowed by mouth).[7][10] In some European countries, it is sometimes given intravenously (injected into a vein) to initiate treatment, before switching to the oral route of administration for continuation of treatment.[4] It has also been used intravenously in other parts of the world in some other circumstances.[5][6]
Common side effects include nausea, trouble sleeping, sexual problems, shakiness, feeling tired, and sweating.[7] Serious side effects include an increased risk of suicide in those under the age of 25, serotonin syndrome, glaucoma, and QT prolongation.[7] It should not be used in persons who take or have recently taken an MAO inhibitor.[7] There are concerns that use during pregnancy may harm the fetus.[3]
Citalopram was approved for medical use in the United States in 1998.[7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[11] It is available as a generic medication.[12] In 2022, it was the 40th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 15 million prescriptions.[13][14]
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