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Schitsu'umsh Skitswish | |
|---|---|
 Coeur d'Alene people and tipis, Desmet Reservation, c. 1907 | |
| Total population | |
| 1,976[2] (2015 census) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 United States Idaho | |
| Languages | |
| English • Coeur d'Alene |
The Coeur d'Alene Tribe (/kɜːrdəˈleɪn/ kur-də-LAYN;[3] also Skitswish; Coeur d'Alene language: Schi̲tsu'umsh) are a Native American tribe and one of five federally recognized tribes in the state of Idaho.[1]
The Coeur d'Alene have sovereign control of their Coeur d'Alene Reservation, which includes a significant portion of Lake Coeur d'Alene and its submerged lands.
In Idaho v. United States (2001), the United States Supreme Court ruled against the state's claim of the submerged lands of the lower third of Lake Coeur d'Alene and related waters of the St. Joe River. It said that the Coeur d'Alene were the traditional owners and that the Executive Branch and Congress had clearly included this area in their reservation, with compensation for ceded territory. This area was designated in 1983 by the Environmental Protection Agency as Bunker Hill Mine and Smelting Complex, the nation's second-largest Superfund site for cleanup.
Concerned at the slow pace of progress, in 1991 the tribe filed suit against mining companies for damages and cleanup costs, joined in 1996 by the United States and in 2011 by the state of Idaho. Settlements were reached with major defendants in 2008 and 2011, providing funds to be used in removal of hazardous wastes and restoration of habitat and natural resources.
Historically the Coeur d'Alene occupied a territory of 3.5 million acres in present-day northern Idaho, eastern Washington and western Montana. They lived in villages along the Coeur d'Alene, St. Joe, Clark Fork, and Spokane rivers, as well as sites on the shores of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Lake Pend Oreille, and Hayden Lake. Their native language is Snchitsu'umshtsn, an Interior Salishan language. They are one of the Salish language peoples, which tribes occupy areas of the inland plateau and the coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest.
- ^ a b "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". Federal Register. 87 (FR 2112): 2112–16. January 12, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
- ^ Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder – Results". factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- ^ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh