Back Contact improvisation Catalan Contact Improvisation German Kontaktdanco Esperanto Contact improvisación Spanish Kontaktimprovisatsioon Estonian Kontakti-improvisaatio Finnish Contact Improvisation French קונטקט אימפרוביזציה HE Contact improvisation Italian Improwizacja kontaktowa Polish
| Also known as | CI, Contact, Contact Improv |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | United States |
| Creator | Steve Paxton |
| Famous practitioners | Steve Paxton, Nancy Stark Smith, Lisa Nelson |
| Parenthood | modern dance, postmodern dance,[1] martial arts (Aikido), somatic practices (Release Technique) |
| Descendant arts | Underscore (Nancy Stark Smith), Material for the Spine (Steve Paxton) |
Contact improvisation is a practice of movement research, where improvisation and momentum, relation with gravity and with others are the main focus. This form has been developing internationally since 1972 and it started from the exploration, research and inquiries of Steve Paxton. It involves the exploration of one's body in relation to others and the space of presence they visit, by using the fundamentals of sharing weight, touch, and movement awareness. It has evolved into a broad global community around "jams" characterized by their welcoming attitude towards newcomers to dance, as well as seasoned practitioners, and its fundaments relate with dancing without being guided by music, instead, the dancers learn to listen to the sounds that the dance itself brings.
American dancer and choreographer Steve Paxton originated contact improvisation, drawing from his past training in aikido, a martial art form, to explore and push physical relationship with gravity with his colleagues and students to develop this new practice. Contact Improvisation plays with the artistry of falling off balance, counterbalance, finding the shelves of the body, learning the mechanics of the body in order to handle someone else's weight or be lifted, breathing techniques, and can involve the art of getting to know your movements through the physical point in contact.
Steve Paxton, along with other pioneers Nancy Stark Smith, Danny Lepkoff, Lisa Nelson, Karen Nelson, Nita Little, Andrew Harwood, Peter Bingham, and Ray Chung, thus participated in creating an "art-sport," oscillating between different emphases depending on the moments and personalities who practice it:
- experimental dance (practice-based research organized in dance laboratories)[2][3]
- theatrical form (improvised performances and lectures-demonstrations)[4]
- educational tool (classical training for professional and non-professional dancers in improvisation and in partnering)[5]
- social dancing (through informal gatherings known as "jams")[6]
- awareness practice[7]
Formally, contact improvisation is a movement improvisation that is explored with another being. According to one of its first practitioners, Nancy Stark Smith, it "resembles other familiar duet forms, such as the embrace, wrestling, surfing, martial arts, and the Jitterbug, encompassing a wide range of movement from stillness to highly athletic."[8]
Various definitions establish in their own ways what was at stake in a contact improvisation duo. Steve Paxton proposed the following in 1979:
The exigencies of the form dictate a mode of movement which is relaxed, constantly aware and prepared, and onflowing. As a basic focus, the dancers remain in physical touch, mutually supportive and innovative, meditating upon the physical laws relating to their masses: gravity, momentum, inertia, and friction. They do not strive to achieve results, but rather, to meet the constantly changing physical reality with appropriate placement and energy.[9]
- ^ Banes, Sally (1987). Terpischore in sneakers: postmodern dance. Middleton, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
- ^ Spain, Kent De (2014-07-02). Landscape of the Now: A Topography of Movement Improvisation. OUP USA. ISBN 9780199988266.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:6was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cohen, Selma Jeanne; Matheson, Katy, eds. (1992-12-01). Dance As a Theatre Art: Source Readings in Dance History from 1581 to the Present (2nd ed.). Princeton Book Company. pp. 222. ISBN 9780871271730.
- ^ Blom, Lynne Anne; Chaplin, L. Tarin (1988-12-15). The Moment of Movement: Dance Improvisation (1st ed.). Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 9780822954057.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Kamenetz, Anya (3 December 2002). "On balance". The Village Voice. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
- ^ Nancy Stark Smith et David Koteen (2013), Caught Falling. The Confluence of Contact Improvisation, Nancy Stark Smith, and Other Moving Ideas, Contact Editions, p. xii
- ^ Steve Paxton, "A Definition", Contact Quarterly, Winter 1979, p. 26.