![]() Crystals of CuSO4·5H2O
| |
![]() | |
![]() | |
Names | |
---|---|
IUPAC name
Copper(II) sulfate
| |
Other names
| |
Identifiers | |
| |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.952 |
EC Number |
|
8294 | |
KEGG | |
PubChem CID
|
|
RTECS number |
|
UNII |
|
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|
| |
| |
Properties | |
CuSO4 (anhydrous) CuSO4·5H2O (pentahydrate) | |
Molar mass | 159.60 g/mol (anhydrous)[2] 249.685 g/mol (pentahydrate)[2] |
Appearance | gray-white (anhydrous) blue (pentahydrate) |
Density | 3.60 g/cm3 (anhydrous)[2] 2.286 g/cm3 (pentahydrate)[2] |
Melting point | 110 °C (230 °F; 383 K) decomposes
560 °C decomposes[2](pentahydrate) Fully decomposes at 590 °C (anhydrous) |
Boiling point | decomposes to cupric oxide at 650 °C |
pentahydrate 316 g/L (0 °C) 2033 g/L (100 °C) anhydrous 168 g/L (10 °C) 201 g/L (20 °C) 404 g/L (60 °C) 770 g/L (100 °C)[3] | |
Solubility | anhydrous insoluble in ethanol[2] pentahydrate soluble in methanol[2] 10.4 g/L (18 °C) insoluble in ethanol and acetone |
1330·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.724–1.739 (anhydrous)[4] 1.514–1.544 (pentahydrate)[5] |
Structure | |
Orthorhombic (anhydrous, chalcocyanite), space group Pnma, oP24, a = 0.839 nm, b = 0.669 nm, c = 0.483 nm.[6] Triclinic (pentahydrate), space group P1, aP22, a = 0.5986 nm, b = 0.6141 nm, c = 1.0736 nm, α = 77.333°, β = 82.267°, γ = 72.567°[7] | |
Thermochemistry | |
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
5 J/(K·mol) |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−769.98 kJ/mol |
Pharmacology | |
V03AB20 (WHO) | |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
![]() ![]() | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | Non-flammable |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
|
300 mg/kg (oral, rat)[9]
87 mg/kg (oral, mouse) |
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible)
|
TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)[8] |
REL (Recommended)
|
TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)[8] |
IDLH (Immediate danger)
|
TWA 100 mg/m3 (as Cu)[8] |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | anhydrous pentahydrate |
Related compounds | |
Other cations
|
|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Copper(II) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4. It forms hydrates CuSO4·nH2O, where n can range from 1 to 7. The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper(II) sulfate,[10] while its anhydrous form is white.[11] Older names for the pentahydrate include blue vitriol, bluestone,[12] vitriol of copper,[13] and Roman vitriol.[14] It exothermically dissolves in water to give the aquo complex [Cu(H2O)6]2+, which has octahedral molecular geometry. The structure of the solid pentahydrate reveals a polymeric structure wherein copper is again octahedral but bound to four water ligands. The Cu(II)(H2O)4 centers are interconnected by sulfate anions to form chains.[15]