Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, from the House of Luxembourg was King of Bohemia (1346–1378) and Holy Roman Emperor (1355–1378). A powerful and intellectual ruler, Charles has been remembered for his munificient patronage, especially in the Kingdom of Bohemia which reached the apex of political and cultural power under his reign. In the Holy Roman Empire, his Golden Bull of 1356 marked a point of change concerning the political structure of the Empire – some historians opine that this gave recognition to the victory of the particularism of the princes,[1] while others think of the document as an achievement that maintained balance of power in the Empire[2] and brought a measure of peace. Recently, some darker aspects of his rule like religious persecution have also attracted attention.[3]
- ^ Waley, Daniel; Denley, Peter (26 November 2013). Later Medieval Europe: 1250-1520. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-317-89018-8. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ Emmerson, Richard K. (18 October 2013). Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-77519-2. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ Gorham, Charles T. (30 July 2013). The Medieval Inquisition. A Study in Religious Persecution. Edizioni Savine. p. 25. ISBN 978-88-96365-35-9. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.