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Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name
Oxalonitrile[4] | |||
Systematic IUPAC name
Ethanedinitrile[4] | |||
Other names | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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1732464 | |||
ChEBI | |||
ChemSpider | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.006.643 | ||
EC Number |
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1090 | |||
MeSH | cyanogen | ||
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
UN number | 1026 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |||
C2N2 | |||
Molar mass | 52.036 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Colourless gas | ||
Odor | pungent, bitter almond-like | ||
Density | 950 mg mL−1 (at −21 °C) | ||
Melting point | −28 °C (−18 °F; 245 K) | ||
Boiling point | −21.1 °C; −6.1 °F; 252.0 K | ||
45 g/100 mL (at 20 °C) | |||
Solubility | soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether | ||
Vapor pressure | 5.1 atm (21 °C)[5] | ||
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
1.9 μmol Pa−1 kg−1 | ||
-21.6·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD)
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1.327 (18 °C) | ||
Thermochemistry | |||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
241.57 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
309.07 kJ mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−1.0978–−1.0942 MJ mol−1 | ||
Hazards | |||
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards
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forms cyanide in the body; flammable[5] | ||
GHS labelling: | |||
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Danger | |||
H220, H331, H410 | |||
P210, P261, P271, P273, P304+P340, P311, P321, P377, P381, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Explosive limits | 6.6–32%[5] | ||
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
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none[5] | ||
REL (Recommended)
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TWA 10 ppm (20 mg/m3)[5] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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N.D.[5] | ||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | inchem.org | ||
Related compounds | |||
Related alkanenitriles
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Related compounds
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DBNPA | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Cyanogen is the chemical compound with the formula (CN)2. The simplest stable carbon nitride, it is a colorless and highly toxic gas with a pungent odor. The molecule is a pseudohalogen. Cyanogen molecules consist of two CN groups – analogous to diatomic halogen molecules, such as Cl2, but far less oxidizing. The two cyano groups are bonded together at their carbon atoms: N≡C‒C≡N, although other isomers have been detected.[6] The name is also used for the CN radical,[7] and hence is used for compounds such as cyanogen bromide (NCBr)[8] (but see also Cyano radical.). When burned at increased pressure with oxygen, it is possible to get a blue tinted flame, the temperature of which is approximately 4 800 °C (A higher temperature is possible with ozone.). It is as such regarded as the gas with the second highest temperature of burning (after Dicyanoacetylene)
Cyanogen is the anhydride of oxamide:
although oxamide is manufactured from cyanogen by hydrolysis:[9]
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: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2024 (link)