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| Communication protocol | |
| Purpose | encapsulate DNS in HTTPS for privacy and security |
|---|---|
| Introduction | October 2018 |
| OSI layer | Application layer |
| RFC(s) | RFC 8484 |
| Internet security protocols |
|---|
| Key management |
| Application layer |
| Domain Name System |
| Internet Layer |
DNS over HTTPS (DoH) is a protocol for performing remote Domain Name System (DNS) resolution via the HTTPS protocol. A goal of the method is to increase user privacy and security by preventing eavesdropping and manipulation of DNS data by man-in-the-middle attacks[1] by using the HTTPS protocol to encrypt the data between the DoH client and the DoH-based DNS resolver.[2] By March 2018, Google and the Mozilla Foundation had started testing versions of DNS over HTTPS.[3][4] In February 2020, Firefox switched to DNS over HTTPS by default for users in the United States.[5] In May 2020, Chrome switched to DNS over HTTPS by default.[6]
An alternative to DoH is the DNS over TLS (DoT) protocol, a similar standard for encrypting DNS queries, differing only in the methods used for encryption and delivery. Based on privacy and security, whether either protocol is superior is a matter of controversial debate, while others argue that the merits of either depend on the specific use case.[7]
- ^ Chirgwin, Richard (14 Dec 2017). "IETF protects privacy and helps net neutrality with DNS over HTTPS". The Register. Archived from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 2018-03-21.
- ^ "DNS over HTTPS · Cloudflare 1.1.1.1 docs". Cloudflare Docs. 2024-01-17. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
- ^ "DNS-over-HTTPS | Public DNS | Google Developers". Google Developers. Archived from the original on 2018-03-20. Retrieved 2018-03-21. – Google provides two endpoints: one for its 2018 JSON API, one for an RFC 8484 API.
- ^ Cimpanu, Catalin (2018-03-20). "Mozilla Is Testing "DNS over HTTPS" Support in Firefox". BleepingComputer. Archived from the original on 2018-03-20. Retrieved 2018-03-21.
- ^ ""A long-overdue technological shift toward online privacy": Firefox encrypts domain names. Google to follow". What's New in Publishing | Digital Publishing News. 2020-02-26. Archived from the original on 2020-02-26. Retrieved 2020-02-26.
- ^ "Google Makes DNS Over HTTPS Default in Chrome". Decipher. 2020-05-20. Retrieved 2024-03-29.
- ^ Claburn, Thomas (2020-05-20). "Google rolls out pro-privacy DNS-over-HTTPS support in Chrome 83... with a handy kill switch for corporate IT". The Register. Retrieved 2021-02-03.