The DAF-12 (abnormal dauer formation protein 12) gene encodes the nuclear receptor of dafachronic acid (a steroid hormone ) in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans , with the NRNC Symbol NR1J1 as the homolog of nuclear hormone receptor HR96 (Hr96 ) in Drosophila melanogaster .[ 1] DAF-12 has been implicated by Cynthia Kenyon and colleagues in the formation of Dauer larva .[ 2]
In favorable environments, a cytochrome p450 Daf-9 (Cyp22a1)[ 3] produce dafachronic acid to binding Daf-12 to initiating downstream gene expression.[ 4] When in infavorable environments, like starvation, dafachronic acid decreases, Daf-12 will form a complex with co-repressor DIN-1 .[ 5]
^ Kaur S, Jobling S, Jones CS, Noble LR, Routledge EJ, Lockyer AE (7 April 2015). "The nuclear receptors of Biomphalaria glabrata and Lottia gigantea: implications for developing new model organisms" . PLOS ONE . 10 (4): e0121259. Bibcode :2015PLoSO..1021259K . doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0121259 . PMC 4388693 . PMID 25849443 .
^ Kenyon C, Chang J, Gensch E, Rudner A, Tabtiang R (1993). "A C. elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild type". Nature . 366 (6454): 461โ464. Bibcode :1993Natur.366..461K . doi :10.1038/366461a0 . PMID 8247153 . S2CID 4332206 .
^ Jia K, Albert PS, Riddle DL (2002). "DAF-9, a cytochrome P450 regulating C. elegans larval development and adult longevity". Development . 129 (1): 221โ31. doi :10.1242/dev.129.1.221 . PMID 11782415 .
^ Aguilaniu H, Fabrizio P, Witting M (2016). "The Role of Dafachronic Acid Signaling in Development and Longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans: Digging Deeper Using Cutting-Edge Analytical Chemistry" . Frontiers in Endocrinology . 7 : 12. doi :10.3389/fendo.2016.00012 . PMC 4749721 . PMID 26903948 .
^ Bento G, Ogawa A, Sommer RJ (July 2010). "Co-option of the hormone-signalling module dafachronic acid-DAF-12 in nematode evolution". Nature . 466 (7305): 494โ7. Bibcode :2010Natur.466..494B . doi :10.1038/nature09164 . PMID 20592728 . S2CID 4405326 .