Deccani | |
---|---|
دکنی | |
![]() A folio from the Kitab-i-Navras, a collection of Deccani poetry attributed to the Adil Shahi king Ibrahim Adil Shah II (16th-17th centuries) | |
Native to | South Asia |
Region | Deccan |
Ethnicity | Deccanis |
Standard forms | |
Dialects |
|
Perso-Arabic (Urdu alphabet) | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | dakh1244 |
Deccani or Deccani Urdu (دکنی, dakanī or دکھنی, dakhanī;[A] (and in some sources Deccani Hindi)[1][2][3][4][5][6] is an Indo-Aryan language based on a form of Old Urdu spoken in the Deccan region of south-central India and is the native language of the Deccani people.[7][8] The historical form of Deccani sparked the development of Urdu literature during the late-Mughal period.[9][10] Deccani arose as a lingua franca under the Delhi and Bahmani Sultanates, as trade and migration from the north introduced Old Urdu to the Deccan. It later developed a literary tradition under the patronage of the Deccan Sultanates. Deccani itself came to influence modern standard Urdu and later Hindi.[7][11]
The official language of the Deccan Sultanates was Persian, and due to this, Deccani has had an influence from the Persian language. In the modern era, it has mostly survived as a spoken lect and is not a literary language. Deccani differs from northern Hindustani sociolects due to archaisms retained from the medieval era, as well as a convergence with and loanwords from the Deccan's regional languages like Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Marathi spoken in the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and some parts of Maharashtra.[7] Deccani has been increasingly influenced by Standard Urdu, especially noticed in Hyderabadi Urdu, which serves as its formal register.
There are three primary dialects of Deccani spoken today: Hyderabadi Urdu, Mysore Urdu, and Madrasi Urdu. Hyderabadi Urdu is the closest of these dialects to Standard Urdu and the most spoken.[11]
The term "Deccani" and its variants are often used in two different contexts: a historical, obsolete one, referring to the medieval-era literary predecessor of Hindi-Urdu;[12][7] and an oral one, referring to the Urdu dialects spoken in many areas of the Deccan today.[13] Both contexts have intricate historical ties.
Cite error: There are <ref group=upper-alpha>
tags or {{efn-ua}}
templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=upper-alpha}}
template or {{notelist-ua}}
template (see the help page).
Deccani Hindi is indebted for its development to the Muslim poets and writers chiefly belonging to the kingdom of Bijapur.
The Deccani Hindi Poetry in its earlier phase was not so much Persianised as it became later.
The Deccani language developed between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries in the Deccan—it is known to be an old form of Hindi and Urdu. Deccani was influenced by the other languages of the region, that is, it borrowed some words from Telugu, Kannada and Marathi. Deccani was known as the language from the South and it later travelled to the north of India and influenced Khari Boli. It also had a significant influence on the development of Hindi and Urdu.