Demographics of China | |
---|---|
![]() Population pyramid of China in November 2020 | |
Population | ![]() |
Growth rate | ![]() |
Birth rate | 6.39 births per 1,000 (2023 est.) |
Death rate | 7.87 deaths per 1,000 (2023 est.) |
Life expectancy | ![]() |
• male | ![]() |
• female | ![]() |
Fertility rate | 1.00 children per woman (2023 est.) |
Infant mortality rate | 6.76 deaths per 1000 live births (2022)[1] |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 16.48% (male 124,166,174/female 108,729,429) |
15–64 years | 69.4% (male 504,637,819/female 476,146,909) |
65 and over | 14.11% (male 92,426,805/female 107,035,710) (2023 est.)[2] |
Sex ratio | |
At birth | 1.11 male to female (2020 est.) |
65 and over | 0.90 male to female (2020 est.) |
Nationality | |
Nationality | noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese |
Major ethnic | Han Chinese |
Minor ethnic | Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uyghurs, Yi, Tujia, Mongols, Tibetan, Bouyei, Dong, Yao, Korean, Bai, Hani, Li, Kazakh, Dai, She, Lisu, Gelao, Lahu, Dongxiang, Va, Sui, Nakhi, Qiang, Tu, Xibe, Mulao, Kyrgyz, Daur, Jingpo, Salar, Blang, Maonan, Tajik, Pumi, Achang, Nu, Ewenki, Gin, Jino, De'ang, Uzbeks, Russian, Yugur, Bonan, Monba, Oroqen, Derung, Tatars, Hezhen, Lhoba |
Language | |
Official | Standard Chinese |
Spoken | Various; See Languages of China |
China is the second most populous country in Asia as well as the second most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion.
China has an enormous population with a relatively small youth component, partially a result of China's one-child policy that was implemented from 1979 until 2015. As of 2022[update], Chinese state media reported the country's total fertility rate to be 1.09.[3]
China was the world's most populous country from at least 1950[4] until being surpassed by India by 2023.[5][6]
By one estimate, in 2023 China's population stood at 1.409 billion, down from the 1.412 billion recorded in the 2020 census.[7] By another, the population was likely 1.28 billion in 2020 and had been surpassed by India some years earlier.[8] According to the 2020 census, 91.11% of the population was Han Chinese, and 8.89% were minorities. China's population growth rate is −0.15%, ranking 159th in the world.[citation needed] China conducted its sixth national population census in 2010,[9][10] and its seventh census was completed in late 2020, with data released in May 2021.[11]
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