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Demographics of the United States

Demographics of the United States
Population pyramid of the United States in 2023
PopulationIncrease 340,110,988 (2024 estimate)[1]
331,449,281 (2020 census)[2]
Density86.16/sq mi (33.27/km2)
Growth rateIncrease 0.98% (2024)[3]
Birth rateDecrease 10.7 births/1,000 population (2023)
Death ratePositive decrease 9.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023)
Life expectancyIncrease 78.4 years (2023)[4]
 • maleIncrease 75.8 years (2023)[4]
 • femaleIncrease 81.1 years (2023)[4]
Fertility rateIncrease 1.84 born/woman (2024)[5]
Infant mortality rate5.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020)[6]
Net migration rate3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024)[5]
Age structure
Under 18 years21.7% (2023 est.)[7]
18–44 years36.0% (2023 est.)[7]
45–64 years24.6% (2023 est.)[7]
65 and over17.7% (2023 est.)[7]
Sex ratio
Total0.98 male(s)/female (2023 est.)[7]
At birth1.045 male(s)/female (2022)[8]
Under 151.05 male(s)/female (2023 est.)[7]
15–64 years1.01 male(s)/female (2023 est.)[7]
65 and over0.82 male(s)/female (2023 est.)[7]
Nationality
NationalityAmerican
Major ethnic
  • Major ethnic groups
Minor ethnic
Language
Official
See:
No official language at national level. English is designated official in 32 of 50 states (and in all 5 U.S. territories). Hawaiian is official in Hawaii, 20 Native languages are official in Alaska, and Sioux is official in South Dakota.[16] Samoan is an official language in American Samoa,[17] Chamorro is an official language in Guam,[18] Chamorro and Carolinian are official languages in the Northern Mariana Islands,[19] and Spanish is an official language in Puerto Rico.[20]
Spoken
Source: The World Factbook[5]

The United States is the third most populous country in the world, and the most populous in the Americas and the Western Hemisphere, with an estimated population of 340,110,988 on July 1, 2024, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.[1] This was an increase of 2.6% over the 2020 federal census of 331,449,281 residents.[21] These figures include the 50 states and the federal capital, Washington, D.C., but exclude the 3.6 million residents of five unincorporated U.S. territories (Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands) as well as several minor uninhabited island possessions. The Census Bureau showed a population increase of 0.98% for the twelve-month period ending in July 2024,[22] slightly below the world estimated annual growth rate of 1.03%.[23] The total fertility rate (TFR) in 2024 was around 1.84 children per woman,[5] which is below the replacement fertility rate of approximately 2.1. By several metrics, including racial and ethnic background, religious affiliation, and percentage of rural and urban divide, the state of Illinois is the most representative of the larger demography of the United States.[24]

The U.S. population almost quadrupled during the 20th century—at a growth rate of about 1.3% a year—from about 76 million in 1900 to 281 million in 2000.[25] It is estimated to have reached the 200 million mark in 1967, and the 300 million mark on October 17, 2006.[25][26] Foreign-born immigration caused the U.S. population to continue its rapid increase, with this population doubling from almost 20 million in 1990 to over 45 million in 2015,[27] representing one-third of the population increase.[28] The U.S. Census Bureau reported in late 2024 that recent immigration to the United States had more than offset the country's lower birth and fertility rates: "Net international migration’s influence on population trends has increased over the last few years. Since 2021, it accounted for the majority of the nation’s growth—a departure from the last two decades, when natural increase was the main factor." This in turn led to a notable increase in the U.S. population in each of the years 2022, 2023, and 2024 (+0.58%, +0.83%, and +0.98%, respectively).[29]

Population growth is fastest among minorities as a whole, and according to a 2020 U.S. Census Bureau analysis, 50% of U.S. children under the age of 18 are now members of ethnic minority groups.[30] As of 2020, white Americans numbered 235,411,507 or 71% of the population, including people who identified as white in combination with another race. People who identified as white alone (including Hispanic whites) numbered 204,277,273 or 61.6% of the population, while non-Latino whites made up 57.8% of the country's population.[31]

Latino Americans accounted for 51.1% of the country's total population growth between 2010 and 2020.[32] The Hispanic or Latino population increased from 50.5 million in 2010 to 62.1 million in 2020, a 23% increase and a numerical increase of more than 11.6 million.[32] Immigrants and their U.S.-born descendants are expected to provide most of the U.S. population gains in the decades ahead.[33]

Asian Americans are the fastest-growing racial group in the United States, with a growth rate of 35%. However, multi-racial Asian Americans make up the fastest-growing subgroup, with a growth rate of 55%, reflecting the increase of mixed-race marriages in the United States.[34][35]

As of 2022, births to White American mothers remain around 50% of the U.S. total, a decline of 3% compared to 2021.[36] In the same time period, births to Asian American and Hispanic women increased by 2% and 6%, respectively.[37]

Population pyramid by race and ethnicity of the United States over time from 1900 to 2020
  1. ^ a b "National Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2024".
  2. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau Today Delivers State Population Totals for Congressional Apportionment". United States Census. Retrieved April 26, 2021. The 2020 census is as of April 1, 2020.
  3. ^ "U.S. Population Grows at Fastest Pace in More than Two Decades". U.S. Census Bureau. December 19, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2025.
  4. ^ a b c "American life expectancy rose slightly in 2023, CDC says". LL. December 2024. Retrieved 2024-12-24.
  5. ^ a b c d "United States". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 25 November 2024.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ^ "Infant Mortality". cdc.gov. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Selected Age Groups by Sex for the United States: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023 (NC-EST2023-AGESEX)". Census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. June 2024. Retrieved 2025-01-21.
  8. ^ Osterman, Michelle; Hamilton, Brady; et al. (4 April 2024). Births: Final Data for 2022 (PDF). National Vital Statistics Reports (Technical report). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. p. 31. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
  9. ^ a b c d e f "Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census". U.S. Census Bureau. August 12, 2021. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
  10. ^ "Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census". United States census. September 21, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  11. ^ "Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census". United States census. September 21, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  12. ^ "Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census". United States census. September 21, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  13. ^ "Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census". United States census. September 21, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  14. ^ "Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census". United States census. September 21, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  15. ^ "Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census". United States census. September 21, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  16. ^ Kaczke, Lisa (25 March 2019). "South Dakota recognizes official indigenous language". Argus Leader.
  17. ^ "Samoa now an official language of instruction in American Samoa". Radio New Zealand International. 2008-10-03.
  18. ^ "Guam". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2018-10-24.
  19. ^ "Northern Mariana Islands". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2018-10-19.
  20. ^ Crawford, James. "Puerto Rico and Official English". Language Policy.net. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
  21. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau Today Delivers State Population Totals for Congressional Apportionment". United States Census. Retrieved April 26, 2021. The 2020 census is as of April 1, 2020.
  22. ^ "U.S. Population Grows at Fastest Pace in More than Two Decades". U.S. Census Bureau. December 19, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2025.
  23. ^ "Population growth rate". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  24. ^ "Illinois ranks as 'most normal state' in U.S. according to Washington Post data analysis". Illinois. WMAQ-TV. 2024-05-14. Retrieved 2024-05-15.
  25. ^ a b "Statistical Abstract of the United States" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. 2005. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  26. ^ "U.S. population hits 300 million mark". MSNBC. Associated Press. October 17, 2006. Archived from the original on October 17, 2006. Retrieved October 17, 2006.
  27. ^ "Modern Immigration Wave Brings 59 Million to U.S." Pew Research Center's Hispanic Trends Project. September 28, 2015.
  28. ^ "Changing Patterns in U.S. Immigration and Population". The Pew Charitable Trusts. 18 December 2014.
  29. ^ "New 2024 population estimates show nation's population grew by about 1% to 340.1 million since 2023". U.S. Census Bureau. December 19, 2024. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
  30. ^ "Children of color projected to be majority of U.S. youth this year". PBS NewsHour. January 9, 2020.
  31. ^ "Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  32. ^ a b "2020 Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country". Census.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-27.
  33. ^ "U.S. Population Projections: 2005–2050". Pew Hispanic Center. February 11, 2008. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
  34. ^ Cite error: The named reference Lemi 2021 b965 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  35. ^ Cite error: The named reference Foster-Frau 2021 h651 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  36. ^ "U.S. births in 2022 didn't return to pre-pandemic levels". STAT. Associated Press. 2023-06-01. Retrieved 2023-06-19. "Births to Hispanic moms rose 6% last year and surpassed 25% of the U.S. total. Births to white moms fell 3%, but still accounted for 50% of births. Births to Black moms fell 1%, and were 14% of the total."
  37. ^ America, Good Morning (2023-06-01). "Teenage birth rates in the US hit record lows in 2022: CDC report". Good Morning America. Retrieved 2023-06-19. "Among race/ethnicity between 2021 and 2022, the provisional number of births declined 3% for American Indian/Alaska Native and white women and by 1% for Black women from 2021 to 2022. However, birth rates rose 2% for Asian women and 6% for Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and Hispanic women."
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