India has an estimated 100 million [2] people (1 in 10 Indians) formally diagnosed with diabetes, which makes it the second most affected in the world, after China.[3] Furthermore, 700,000 Indians died of diabetes, hyperglycemia, kidney disease or other complications of diabetes in 2020. One in six people (17%) in the world with diabetes is from India.[3] (India’s population as calculated in October 2018 was about 17.5% of the global total.[4]) The number is projected to grow by 2045 to become 134 million per the International Diabetes Federation.[3]
In India, type 1 diabetes is rarer than in western countries, and about 90 to 95% of Indians who were diagnosed had type 2 diabetes. Only about one-third of type 2 diabetics in India have a body mass index above 25.[5] A 2004 study suggests that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Indians may be due to environmental and lifestyle changes resulting from industrialization and migration to urban environment from rural.[6] This lifestyle change has led to the increased consumption of energy intake from animal foods in Asian populations.[7] This change has been seen in India where urban residents consumed 32% of energy from animal fats compared to 17% of rural residents.[8] These changes also occur earlier in life, which means chronic long-term complications are more common.
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