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Clinical data | |
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Pronunciation | /dɪlˈtaɪəzɛm/ |
Trade names | Cardizem, Dilacor XR, Cartia XT, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a684027 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous |
Drug class | Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 40% |
Metabolism | Liver |
Elimination half-life | 3–4.5 hours |
Excretion | Kidney Bile duct |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.050.707 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C22H26N2O4S |
Molar mass | 414.52 g·mol−1 |
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Diltiazem, sold under the brand name Cardizem among others, is a nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure, angina, and certain heart arrhythmias.[8] It may also be used in hyperthyroidism if beta blockers cannot be used.[8] It is taken by mouth or injection into a vein.[8] When given by injection, effects typically begin within a few minutes and last a few hours.[8]
Common side effects include swelling, dizziness, headaches, and low blood pressure.[8] Other severe side effects include an overly slow heart beat, heart failure, liver problems, and allergic reactions.[8] Use is not recommended during pregnancy.[8] It is unclear if use when breastfeeding is safe.[1]
Diltiazem works by relaxing the smooth muscle in the walls of arteries, resulting in them opening and allowing blood to flow more easily.[8] Additionally, it acts on the heart to prolong the period until it can beat again.[9] It does this by blocking the entry of calcium into the cells of the heart and blood vessels.[10] It is a class IV antiarrhythmic.[11]
Diltiazem was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982.[8] It is available as a generic medication.[8] In 2021, it was the 84th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8 million prescriptions.[12][13] An extended release formulation is also available.[8][14]