Domestic violence in Kenya

Domestic violence in Kenya constitutes any harmful behavior against a family member or partner, including rape, assault, physical abuse, and forced prostitution.^[1] Domestic violence in Kenya reflects worldwide statistics in that women are the overwhelming majority of victims. Over 40% of married women in Kenya have reported being victims of either domestic violence or sexual abuse.^[2] Worldwide, over 30% of "ever-partnered women" aged 15 and older have experienced physical or sexual partner violence.^[3] The distinct factors and causes of this high percentage have often not been studied due to lack of data.^[2]

Factors such as low levels of education, religion, and socioeconomic status all are relevant when looking at the causes of domestic violence in Kenya.^[2] Sexual coercion is prevalent in Kenya and often leads to abuse as well.^[4] Pregnant women are more likely to be victims of domestic abuse because they are more likely to be in a relationship.^[5] Pregnant women are often also economically or socially vulnerable, putting them at a higher risk for domestic violence due to the patriarchal dominance.^[5] Unwanted pregnancies are often seen as the fault of the woman, leading to more abuse.^[5] The gender roles in Kenya contribute to the acceptance of domestic abuse.^[6]

Domestic violence also contributes to negative mental and physical health effects.^[7] Negative outcomes of domestic violence include pregnancy loss, complications, hypertension, physical injuries, and stress. In recent cases deaths have been reported.^[5] In addition, victims of domestic violence are more likely to contract HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases.^[8] Responses to domestic violence in Kenya include legal mandates^[9] and programs set in place by social organizations.^[8] Underreporting of domestic violence in developing countries is due to many reasons, including shame, financial barriers, lack of awareness of access to services, and distrust of healthcare worker].^[3]