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China conducted a state-sanctioned doping operation in the 1980s and 1990s, according to former General Administration of Sport of China physician Xue Yinxian.[1] Allegations of doping have focused on swimmers[2] and track and field athletes, such as those taught by Ma Junren (the Ma Family Army).[3][4] Three Chinese weightlifters were stripped of their gold Olympic medals at the 2008 Summer Olympics for doping.[5]
China's doping has been attributed to a number of factors, such as the exchange of culture and technology with foreign countries.[6] Some commentators have compared it to doping in East Germany.[7] Discussion of doping scandals involving Chinese athletes in international sports is widely censored in China.[8]
- ^ "'They Have Ruined My Family'". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
- ^ "China's swimmers racing to escape country's doping past". Reuters. 19 July 2021. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
China's swimming programme has seen its reputation tarnished by a series of scandals, most notably when one female swimmer was caught with 13 vials of human growth hormone at Sydney airport ahead of the 1998 world championships in Perth.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:3was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "中国"马家军"昔日联名信曝光禁药丑闻 国际田联称将调查其真实性" [China's "Ma Family Army" past joint letter exposes doping scandal, IAAF says it will investigate its authenticity]. Reuters. 5 February 2016. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
- ^ "3 Chinese weightlifters lose 2008 Olympic titles for doping". Associated Press. 12 January 2017. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
for doping at their home 2008 Beijing Games
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Dong2003was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Mehlman2009was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Pierson, David (3 July 2024). "An Uproar Over a Chinese Doping Case, Except in China". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 10 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.