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Comment: More sources needed for leading. -Lemonaka 02:01, 8 July 2024 (UTC)
The place of women in equestrianism has undergone a clear societal evolution. Up until the 20th century, in most Eurasian and North African countries, and later in North and South America, the horse was a military and virile symbol, associated with men both for the purposes of war and daily work. In Asia, the Scythians, Sarmatians and Achaemenids probably practiced mixed horsemanship in ancient times, in contrast to the Greco-Roman civilizations. Access to horseback riding was then restricted in the Near East and Central Asia, particularly under the Sefevids.
The rare references to women riders and fighters are often based on myths, such as that of the Amazons, or on exceptions limiting the approach to horses to their care, such as that of the "Servants of the Horse" in the Bamoun kingdom in the 19th century. In Western Europe, access to horses is restricted by women's social status, as riding is reserved for the elite. In Central Asia, on the other hand, horses were generally available to all social classes for seasonal migrations. From the end of the Middle Ages, horseback riding with both legs on the same side, known as " en amazone ", became the norm in Western Europe, limiting the autonomy of women riders. The conquest of the American frontier brought women from all walks of life to ride horses and drive carriages, one of the most famous being Calamity Jane; this helped to lift the imposition of Amazon riding in the West.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, the horse was used solely as a cash crop in Western countries. Over the century, the horse spread to urban and female circles, leading to an evolution in its status towards that of a pet, and a strong feminization of horse riding. This diffusion has not translated into a proportional representation of women at the highest levels of equestrian competition, particularly in show jumping, due to a division of labor based on gender stereotypes, and a dominant culture focused on the animal's performance rather than on the affective relationship. Horse-riding people maintain equestrian practices with low female participation, particularly among South American Gauchos.
Equestrian culture has given women an increasingly important role, in parallel with the feminization of equestrian practices, from the Anglo-Saxon pony books of the 1920s onwards to recent television and film productions. Works such as National Velvet (1944), Sarraounia (1986), Mulan (1998), and Sport de filles (2012) feature young girls and warrior riders.