 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (November 2009) |
| This article is part of a series on |
| Driving cycles |
|---|
| Europe |
|
NEDC: ECE R15 (1970) / EUDC (1990) (UN ECE regulations 83 and 101) |
| United States |
| EPA Federal Test: FTP 72/75 (1978) / SFTP US06/SC03 (2008) |
| Japan |
| 10 mode (1973) / 10-15 Mode (1991) / JC08 (2008) |
| China |
| CLTC (2021) |
| Global Technical Regulations |
| WLTP (2015) (Addenda 15) |
A driving cycle is a series of data points representing the speed of a vehicle versus time.
Driving cycles are produced by different countries and organizations to assess the performance of vehicles in various ways, for example, fuel consumption, electric vehicle autonomy and polluting emissions.[1][2][3]
Fuel consumption and emission tests are performed on chassis dynamometers. Tailpipe emissions are collected and measured to indicate the performance of the vehicle.
Another use for driving cycles is in vehicle simulations. For example, they are used in propulsion system simulations to predict performance of internal combustion engines, transmissions, electric drive systems, batteries, fuel cell systems, and similar components.
Some driving cycles are derived theoretically, as in the European Union, whereas others are direct measurements of a representative driving pattern.
There are two types of driving cycles:
- Transient driving cycles involve many changes, representing the constant speed changes typical of on-road driving.
- Modal driving cycles involve protracted periods at constant speeds.
The American FTP-75,[4] and the unofficial European Hyzem driving cycles are transient, whereas the Japanese 10-15 Mode and JC08 cycles are modal cycles.
Some highly stylized modal driving cycles such as the European NEDC were designed to fit a particular requirement, but bear little relation to real world driving patterns.[5] On the contrary, the current Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) strives to mimic real world driving behavior. The most common driving cycles are the WLTP, NEDC, SORDS and the FTP-75, the latter corresponding to urban driving conditions solely.
Driving cycle design is the core technology for these standard cycles.[clarification needed] Optimization and Markov chains are employed to design a driving cycle.[citation needed]
Drive cycle recognition applies to Hybrid Electric Vehicle.[clarification needed]
- ^ Brundell-Freij, Karin; Ericsson, Eva (May 2005). "Influence of street characteristics, driver category and car performance on urban driving patterns". Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 10 (3). Elsevier: 213–229. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2005.01.001.
- ^ Ericsson, Eva (September 2000). "Variability in urban driving patterns". Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 5 (5). Elsevier: 337–354. doi:10.1016/S1361-9209(00)00003-1.
- ^ Ericsson, Eva (September 2001). "Independent driving pattern factors and their influence on fuel-use and exhaust emission factors". Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 6 (5). Elsevier: 325–345. doi:10.1016/S1361-9209(01)00003-7.
- ^ "Dynamometer Drive Schedules". US EPA. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
- ^ "A reference book of driving cycles for use in the measurement of road vehicle emissions" (PDF). Retrieved 11 August 2014.