Back عسر البلع Arabic Disfagiya Azerbaijani Дысфагія Byelorussian Дисфагия Bulgarian Disfagija BS Disfàgia Catalan Dysfagie Czech Dysphagie German Δυσφαγία Greek Disfagia Spanish
| Dysphagia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| The digestive tract, with the esophagus marked in red | |
| Specialty | Gastroenterology, phoniatrics |
| Symptoms | Inability or difficulty swallowing |
| Complications | Pulmonary aspiration, malnutrition, starvation |
| Causes | Esophageal cancer, Esophagitis, Stomach cancer, mental illness, alcoholism, refeeding syndrome, starvation, infection, gastritis, malnutrition |
Dysphagia is difficulty in swallowing.[1][2] Although classified under "symptoms and signs" in ICD-10,[3] in some contexts it is classified as a condition in its own right.[4][5][6]
It may be a sensation that suggests difficulty in the passage of solids or liquids from the mouth to the stomach,[7] a lack of pharyngeal sensation or various other inadequacies of the swallowing mechanism. Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia, which is defined as painful swallowing,[8] and globus, which is the sensation of a lump in the throat. A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia (dysfunction without pain), odynophagia without dysphagia (pain without dysfunction) or both together. A psychogenic dysphagia is known as phagophobia.[9]
- ^ Smithard DG, Smeeton NC, Wolfe CD (January 2007). "Long-term outcome after stroke: does dysphagia matter?". Age and Ageing. 36 (1): 90–94. doi:10.1093/ageing/afl149. PMID 17172601.
- ^ Brady A (January 2008). "Managing the patient with dysphagia". Home Healthcare Nurse. 26 (1): 41–46, quiz 47–48. doi:10.1097/01.NHH.0000305554.40220.6d. PMID 18158492. S2CID 11420756.
- ^ "ICD-10". Retrieved 23 February 2008.
- ^ Boczko F (November 2006). "Patients' awareness of symptoms of dysphagia". Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 7 (9): 587–90. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2006.08.002. PMID 17095424.
- ^ "Dysphagia". University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 9 July 2004. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
- ^ "Swallowing Disorders – Symptoms of Dysphagia". New York University School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 14 November 2007. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
- ^ Sleisenger MH, Feldman M, Friedman LM (2002). Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal & Liver Disease, 7th edition. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company. pp. Chapter 6, p. 63. ISBN 978-0-7216-0010-9.
- ^ "Dysphagia". University of Texas Medical Branch. Archived from the original on 6 March 2008. Retrieved 23 February 2008.
- ^ Franko, Debra L.; Shapiro, Jo; Gagne, Adele (1997). "Phagophobia: A form of Psychogenic Dysphagia a New Entity". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 106 (4). SAGE Publications: 286–290. doi:10.1177/000348949710600404. ISSN 0003-4894. PMID 9109717. S2CID 22215557.