Echis pyramidum

Echis pyramidum
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Viperidae
Genus:	Echis
Species:	E. pyramidum
Binomial name
	Echis pyramidum; (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827)
Synonyms
	Scythale pyramidum ; Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in Savigny, 1827; [Echis] arenicola F. Boie, 1827; Echis pavo Reuss, 1834; Echis varia Reuss, 1834; Vipera echis Schlegel, 1837; Vipera pyramidarum Schlegel, 1837; Echis [(Toxicoa)] arenicola ; — Gray, 1849; Toxicoa arenicola — Günther, 1858; Echis carinatus ; — Boulenger, 1896 (part); Echis carinatus pyramidum ; — Constable, 1949; Echis p[yramidum]. pyramidum ; — Cherlin, 1983; Echis pyramidum — Joger, 1984; Echis [(Toxicoa)] pyramidum pyramidum — Cherlin, 1990; Echis [(Toxicoa)] pyramidum lucidus Cherlin, 1990; Echis [(Toxicoa)] varia varia ; — Cherlin, 1990; Echis [(Toxicoa)] varia borkini Cherlin, 1990; Echis [(Toxicoa)] varia darevskii Cherlin, 1990; Echis pyramidum pyramidum ; — Golay et al., 1993;

Echis pyramidum, known as the Northeast African carpet viper,^[3] Egyptian saw-scaled viper,^[4] and by other common names, is a species of viper endemic to Northeast Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. Three subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.^[5]

This species, along with the closely related Echis ocellatus (both of the Carpet viper species) cause the most cases of snakebite deaths in the world.^[6] Two antivenoms are available to counteract snakebites from this species: Polyvalent Anti-viper Venom by VACSERA in Egypt and SAIMR Echis antivenom by South African Vaccine Producers.^[7]

^ Joger, U.; Geniez, P.; Crochet, P-A.; Baha El Din, S. (2010). "Echis pyramidum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T178401A7539376. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T178401A7539376.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
^ Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Dubai: Ralph Curtis Books. Oriental Press. 192 pp. ISBN 0-88359-029-8.
^ Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
^ "Echis pyramidum". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2 August 2006.
^ "WHO | WHO issues new recommendation on antivenom for snakebites". WHO. Archived from the original on 24 July 2020.
^ "WHO Blood Products and related Biologicals Animal sera Antivenons frames page". apps.who.int. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 6 May 2010.

[iucn_status_19_November_2021-1] Joger, U.; Geniez, P.; Crochet, P-A.; Baha El Din, S. (2010). "Echis pyramidum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T178401A7539376. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T178401A7539376.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.

[McD99-2] McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).

[SB95-3] Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Dubai: Ralph Curtis Books. Oriental Press. 192 pp. ISBN 0-88359-029-8.

[Mal03-4] Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.

[ITIS-5] "Echis pyramidum". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2 August 2006.

[6] "WHO | WHO issues new recommendation on antivenom for snakebites". WHO. Archived from the original on 24 July 2020.

[7] "WHO Blood Products and related Biologicals Animal sera Antivenons frames page". apps.who.int. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 6 May 2010.

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Echis pyramidum

Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Viperidae
Genus:	Echis
Species:	E. pyramidum
Binomial name
*Echis pyramidum* (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827)
Synonyms^[2]
Scythale pyramidum Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in Savigny, 1827 [Echis] arenicola F. Boie, 1827 Echis pavo Reuss, 1834 Echis varia Reuss, 1834 Vipera echis Schlegel, 1837 Vipera pyramidarum Schlegel, 1837 Echis [(Toxicoa)] arenicola — Gray, 1849 Toxicoa arenicola — Günther, 1858 Echis carinatus — Boulenger, 1896 (part) Echis carinatus pyramidum — Constable, 1949 Echis p[yramidum]. pyramidum — Cherlin, 1983 Echis pyramidum — Joger, 1984 Echis [(Toxicoa)] pyramidum pyramidum — Cherlin, 1990 Echis [(Toxicoa)] pyramidum lucidus Cherlin, 1990 Echis [(Toxicoa)] varia varia — Cherlin, 1990 Echis [(Toxicoa)] varia borkini Cherlin, 1990 Echis [(Toxicoa)] varia darevskii Cherlin, 1990 Echis pyramidum pyramidum — Golay et al., 1993

Echis pyramidum

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