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Ministry of Education | |
---|---|
Minister of Education | Dharmendra Pradhan |
National education budget | |
Budget | 2.9% of GDP ($ 112 billion)[1] |
General details | |
Primary languages | English, and other Indian languages |
System type | Federal, state and private |
Established Compulsory education | 1 April 2010 |
Literacy (2011[3]) | |
Total | 77.7%[2] |
Male | 84.6% |
Female | 70.3% |
Enrollment (2011[4][5]) | |
Total | (N/A) |
Primary | 95%[6] |
Secondary | 69%[6] |
Post secondary | 25%[6] |
Education in India is primarily managed by the state-run public education system, which falls under the command of the government at three levels: central, state and local.[7] Under various articles of the Indian Constitution and the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, free and compulsory education is provided as a fundamental right to children aged 6 to 14. The approximate ratio of the total number of public schools to private schools in India is 10:3.[8]
Education in India covers different levels and types of learning, such as early childhood education, primary education, secondary education, higher education, and vocational education. It varies significantly according to different factors, such as location (urban or rural), gender, caste, religion, language, and disability.
Education in India has much room for growth, such as improving access to education, increasing the quality of education,[9] reducing disparities, lowering dropout rates, increasing enrolment and completion rates,[10] enhancing learning outcomes and employability, strengthening governance and accountability, promoting innovation and technology, and addressing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. It is influenced by various policies and programmes at the national and state levels, such as the National Education Policy 2020, the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan, the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan, the Midday Meal Scheme, the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme, and the National Digital Education Architecture. It is also supported by various stakeholders and partners, such as UNICEF, UNESCO, World Bank, civil society organizations, academic institutions, private sector entities, and media outlets.
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