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| Erebinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Red underwing (Catocala nupta) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Erebinae Leach, [1815] |
The Erebinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae erected by William Elford Leach in 1815. Erebine moths are found on all continents except Antarctica, but reach their greatest diversity in the tropics.[1] While the exact number of species belonging to the Erebinae is not known, the subfamily is estimated to include around 10,000 species.[2] Some well-known Erebinae include underwing moths (Catocala) and witch moths (Thermesiini). Many of the species in the subfamily have medium to large wingspans (7 to 10 cm, 3 to 4 inches), up to nearly 30 cm in the white witch moth (Thysania agrippina), which has the widest wingspan of all Lepidoptera.[3] Erebine caterpillars feed on a broad range of plants; many species feed on grasses and legumes, and a few are pests of castor bean,[4] sugarcane, rice,[5] as well as pistachios [6] and blackberries.[7]
- ^ Zahiri, Reza; Holloway, Jeremy D.; Kitching, Ian J.; Lafontaine, J. Donald; Mutanen, Marko; Wahlberg, Niklas (2012-01-01). "Molecular phylogenetics of Erebidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)". Systematic Entomology. 37 (1): 102–124. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00607.x. ISSN 1365-3113.
- ^ Kononenko, V.S. & Pinratana, A. (2013). Moths of Thailand Vol. 3, Part 2. Noctuoidea. An illustrated Catalogue of Erebidae, Nolidae, Euteliidae, and Noctuidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in Thailand. Bangkok: Brothers of St. Gabriel in Thailand.
- ^ "Chapter 32: Largest Lepidopteran Wing Span | The University of Florida Book of Insect Records | Department of Entomology & Nematology | UF/IFAS". www.entnemdept.ufl.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-08-14. Retrieved 2017-04-20.
- ^ Naik, M. I.; Ajith Kumar, M. A.; Manjunatha, M.; Shivanna, B. K. (2010). "Survey for the pests of castor and natural enemies of castor semilooper". Environment and Ecology (Kalyani). 28: 558–563.
- ^ Zilli, A. (2000). "African-Arabian and Asian-Pacific "Mocis frugalis": two distinct species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". European Journal of Entomology. 97 (3): 419–426. doi:10.14411/eje.2000.064.
- ^ Berlinger, M. J.; Yathom, S.; Halperin, J. (2001). "Ophiusa tirhaca Cramer (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) infesting pistachio trees in Israel". Zoology in the Middle East. 22: 83–86. doi:10.1080/09397140.2001.10637851. S2CID 84318908.
- ^ Vázquez, Yadira-Maibeth; Martínez, Ana-Mabel; Valdez, Jorge-Manuel; Figueroa, José-Isaac; Rebollar, Ángel; Chavarrieta, Juan Manuel; Sánchez, José-Antonio; Viñuela, Elisa; Pineda, Samuel (2014-01-01). "Life History, Diagnosis, and Parasitoids of Zale phaeograpta (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 107 (1): 170–177. doi:10.1603/an13093. ISSN 0013-8746. S2CID 84205515.