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Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name
Ethyl formate | |||
Systematic IUPAC name
Ethyl methanoate | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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906769 | |||
ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.384 | ||
EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
UN number | 1190 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |||
C3H6O2 | |||
Molar mass | 74.079 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Colorless liquid[1] | ||
Odor | fruity[1] | ||
Density | 0.917 g/cm3 | ||
Melting point | −80 °C; −112 °F; 193 K | ||
Boiling point | 54.0 °C (129.2 °F; 327.1 K) | ||
9% (17.78°C)[1] | |||
Vapor pressure | 200 mmHg (20°C)[1] | ||
-43.00·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Hazards | |||
Flash point | −20 °C; −4 °F; 253 K[1] | ||
Explosive limits | 2.8% - 16.0%[1] | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
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1850 mg/kg (rat, oral) 1110 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral) 2075 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)[2] | ||
LCLo (lowest published)
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10,000 ppm (cat, 1.5 hr) 8000 ppm (rat, 4 hr)[2] | ||
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)[1] | ||
REL (Recommended)
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TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)[1] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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1500 ppm[1] | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Ethyl formate is an ester formed when ethanol (an alcohol) reacts with formic acid (a carboxylic acid). Ethyl formate has the characteristic smell of rum and is partially responsible for the flavor of raspberries,[3] occurring naturally in some plant oils, fruits, and juices. Ethyl formate does not occur naturally in the animal kingdom.[4]